A surgical instrument can include a shaft, an end effector, and an articulation joint configured to permit the end effector to rotate relative to the shaft about the articulation joint. The surgical instrument can further comprise a first articulation actuator for rotating the end effector in a first direction and a second articulation actuator for rotating the end effector in a second direction. The articulation actuators can be configured to push the end effector. The articulation actuators can assume different configurations depending on whether they are experiencing a compressive load or a tensile load. The articulation joint can comprise an articulation frame which forms a proximal joint with the shaft and a distal joint with the end effector. The joints can comprise fixed axis joints and/or ball-and-socket joints, for example. The articulation joint can comprise links having different sizes to facilitate the articulation of the articulation joint.

Surgical instrument assembly comprising a flexible articulation system

A sensor interface is configured to receive a sensor signal. A transmitter generates a transmit signal. A receiver receives the signal corresponding to the transmit signal. Further, a monitor interface is configured to communicate a waveform to the monitor so that measurements derived by the monitor from the waveform are generally equivalent to measurements derivable from the sensor signal.

Physiological measurement communications adapter

A process for reducing the amount of overhead data in ATM cell headers prior to transmission both upstream and downstream on an HFC cable plant or other transmission media using SCDMA on at least the upstream path, without loss of either IP or Ethernet addressing information. A virtual link between each remote unit and a central unit is established using multiplexing to establish a virtual link to every remote unit. Downstream ATM cells are optimized by stripping off all but 2 bytes to leave a 50 byte cell. Incoming IP packets have their IP addressing information used to look up Ethernet domain address information for the RU and destination process to which this RU is coupled. An Ethernet header is appended to each IP packet as is RFC 1483 bytes to signal the start of the packet. The packet is parsed into 48 byte ATM cell payloads. VPI/VCI information for the virtual link of the remote unit to which the packet is bound is looked up using the Ethernet address information. The last cell in the packet is indicated by encoding 9th bits. The CU cable data modem formatter then generates optimized downstream 2-byte headers for each downstream ATM cell by stripping off all but 2 bytes of VPI/VCI data. 9th bits are added to each byte, and these 9th bits are encoded with last cell, normal cell and idle cell information and start codes so that cell boundaries can be located.

Lower overhead method for data transmission using ATM and SCDMA over hybrid fiber coax cable plant

A hand-held electronic device with a keyboard optimized for use with the thumbs is disclosed. In order to operate within the limited space available on a hand-held electronic device, the present invention optimizes the placement and shape of the keys, preferably using keys that are oval or oblong in shape, and that are placed at angles designed to facilitate thumb-typing. The angles at which keys on either side of the keyboard are placed is complimentary.

Hand-held electronic device with a keyboard optimized for use with the thumbs

A method and apparatus for carrying out synchronous co-division multiple access (SCDMA) communication of multiple channels of digital data over a shared transmission media such as a cable television system coaxial cable, a fiber optic or copper conductor telephone link, terrestial microwave, satellite link, local or wide area network, wireless including cellur network or some combination of these media using suitable interface circuitry. The system includes modems at remote units and a central unit to receive time division multiplexed digital data arranged into timeslots or channels and uses orthogonal codes to encode each channel of multiple data and spread the energy of each channel data over a frame of data transmitted in the code domain. Spreading the data this way makes the system less susceptible to impulse noise. Frames are synchronized as between remote and central units using a ranging scheme which is also useful in any other system transmitting data by frames in a distributed system where synchronizing the frames as between all units regardless of differences in propagation delays is necessary. Each frame in the SCDMA modulation scheme includes a gap or guardband containing no other data. The ranging process involves training each remote unit to impose enough delay prior to re-transmission of a barker code received from the CU such that a barker code sent by the RU arrives at the CU during the gap. The process of setting the delay in each RU is a trial and error process, and each RU starts the ranging process asynchronously. Contention resolution protocols such that only one RU is aligning to the gap at any particular time are taught.

Apparatus and method for digital data transmission using orthogonal codes

A mobile wireless communications device may include a housing and a multi-frequency band antenna carried within the housing. The multi-frequency band antenna may include a main loop conductor having a gap therein defining first and second ends of the main loop conductor, a first branch conductor having a first end connected adjacent the first end of the main loop conductor and having a second end defining a first feed point, and a second branch conductor having a first end connected adjacent the second end of the main loop conductor and a second end defining a second feed point. The antenna may further include a tuning branch conductor having a first end connected to the main loop conductor between the respective first ends of the first and second branches.

Mobile wireless communications device comprising multi-frequency band antenna and related methods

A wireless radio modem for incorporation into a host system includes radio frequency modulation/demodulation circuitry employing electronic device elements that operate in a frequency range that minimize the RF interference between the radio modem and the host system. Radio modem power conservation is further maximized by 1) simplifying signal modulation processing by use of a single sideband suppressed carrier waveform transition table, thereby reducing processing requirements; and 2) incorporating a "sleep mode" feature in which all non-timer circuitry is powered-down when not in use.

Wireless radio modem with minimal interdevice RF interference

A multiple-element antenna for a wireless communication device is provided. The antenna comprises a first antenna element having a first operating frequency band and a floating antenna element positioned adjacent the first antenna element to electromagnetically couple to the first antenna element. The floating antenna element is configured to operate in conjunction with the first antenna element within a second operating frequency band. A feeding port connected to the first antenna element connects the first antenna element to communications circuitry and exchanges communication signals in both the first operating frequency band and the second operating frequency band between the multiple-element antenna and the communications circuitry. In a wireless mobile communication device having a transceiver and a receiver, the feeding port is connected to both the transceiver and the receiver.

Multiple-element antenna with floating antenna element

A multiple-element antenna for a multi-band wireless mobile communication device is provided. The multiple-element antenna includes a first antenna element, a second antenna element positioned adjacent the first antenna element, and a parasitic coupler positioned adjacent the first antenna element and the second antenna element. In one embodiment, the first and second antenna elements have respective first and second operating frequency bands, and electromagnetically couple with each other and with the parasitic coupler when the multiple-element antenna is operating in the first or second operating frequency band. The first and second antenna elements are configured to be connected to first and second transceivers in a wireless mobile communication device in an alternate embodiment.

Multiple-element antenna with parasitic coupler

An RF data communications device antenna system (10) is shown that includes a dipole and an electromagnetic coupler (16) that provides coupling between each dipole arm (22, 24) to establish a desired resonant bandwith. An LC matching circuit (30) is provided for matching the dipole to the impedance of the RF data communications device and for transforming the RF signal between the dipole arms of the antenna system.

Perry Jarmuszewski

Papers

Mobile wireless communications device comprising multi-frequency band antenna and related methods

Wireless radio modem with minimal interdevice RF interference

Multiple-element antenna with floating antenna element

Multiple-element antenna with parasitic coupler

Antenna system for an RF data communications device