The Tuskegee Syphilis Study continues to cast its long shadow on the contemporary relationship between African Americans and the biomedical community. Numerous reports have argued that the Tuskegee Syphilis Study is the most important reason why many African Americans distrust the institutions of medicine and public health. Such an interpretation neglects a critical historical point: the mistrust predated public revelations about the Tuskegee study. This paper places the syphilis study within a broader historical and social context to demonstrate that several factors have influenced--and continue to influence--African American's attitudes toward the biomedical community.

https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdfplus/10.2105/AJPH.87.11.1773

Under the shadow of Tuskegee: African Americans and health care.

*Empirical research on cities starts with a spatial equilibrium condition: workers and fi rms are assumed to be indifferent across space. This condition implies that research on cities is different from research on countries, and that work on places within countries needs to consider population, income, and housing prices simultaneously. Housing supply elasticity will determine whether urban success reveals itself in the form of more people or higher incomes. Urban economists generally accept the existence of agglomeration economies, which exist when productivity rises with density, but estimating the magnitude of those economies is diffi cult. Some manufacturing fi rms cluster to reduce the costs of moving goods, but this force no longer appears to be important in driving urban success. Instead, modern cities are far more dependent on the role that density can play in speeding the fl ow of ideas. Finally, urban economics has some insights to offer related topics such as growth theory, national income accounts, public economics, and housing prices. (JEL R11, R23, R31, R32)

/pdf/the-wealth-of-cities-agglomeration-economies-and-spatial-8zt9a5ougf.pdf

The Wealth of Cities: Agglomeration Economies and Spatial Equilibrium in the United States

1. The Stranger's Template 2. Narratives of Student Travellers 3. Mobility Capital: A Taste for Living Abroad 4. An Adventure into Another Time - Space 5. The Arrival: a Rite of Passage 6. Redefining Culture Shock in a European Context 7. New Spaces, New Places 8. The New Social Setting 9. The Creation of a New Social Fabric 10. Adaptation: Chameleon or Clams

Student Mobility and Narrative in Europe: The New Strangers

Preface Introduction 1 Encounters 2 Rice Origins and Indigenous Knowledge 3 Out of Africa: Rice Culture and African Continuities 4 This Was "Woman's Wuck" 5 African Rice and the Atlantic World 6 Legacies Notes References Index

Black Rice: The African Origins of Rice Cultivation in the Americas

This volume presents a network of social power, indicating that theories inspired by C.Wright Mills are far more accurate views about power in America than those of Mills's opponents.Dr. Domhoff shows how and why coalitions within the power elite have involved themselves in such policy issues as the Social Security Act (1935) and the Employment Act (1946), and how the National Labor Relations Act (1935) could pass against the opposition of every major corporation. The book descri bes how experts worked closely with the power elite in shaping the plansfor a post-World War II world economic order, in good part realized during the past 30 years. Arguments are advanced that the fat cats who support the Democrats cannot be understood in terms of narrow self-interest, and that moderate conservatives dominated policy-making under Reagan.

The power elite and the state

Breaking the Land: The Transformation of Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice Cultures since 1880

The shadow of slavery: peonage in the South, 1901-1969

Lost Revolutions: The South in the 1950s. By Pete Daniel. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. Pp. 392. Acknowledgments, introduction, illustration, index. $45.00, cloth; $19.95, paper.) Pete Daniel's Lost Revolutions: The South in the 1950s is a strange, compelling, and finally deeply divided book, a bizarre mix, beneath its ordered, reassuring prose, of sober scholarship, fiery critique, and nostalgic celebration. How could it be otherwise, being a book about the American South with B. B. King and Elvis Presley on the cover? Daniel's title and his introduction make his primary thesis clear enough: "lost opportunities littered the southern landscape" (p. 3) in the two decades after World War Two. Failed by its leaders-"a timorous clergy" (p. 2), "indecisive white liberals" (p. 2), "agricultural bureaucrats" (p. 39) at every level whose policies drove eleven million black and white southern farmers from the land, and craven politicians who were "chained to segregation and racial prejudice" (pp. 1-2)-the region missed its chance for peaceful and harmonious progress. The South's best contributions, instead, came from its most despised people, the poor blacks and whites who, even as they were dispossessed from the lands and the land-based occupations of their fathers and mothers and forced into industrial jobs in southern and northern cities, carried their "low culture" with them and successfully impressed it on the nation's consciousness. Daniel opens his story in 1945, in the exhilarating promise of postwar peace and prosperity, and closes it with the brutal violence unleashed on black and white civil rights workers during 1964's Freedom Summer. The heart of this book is the period between, the story of how it mostly went wrong. Southern black soldiers came back from war with experience of a larger, freer world than they had previously known. Southern women had wartime work experience in jobs previously restricted to men. Gay and lesbian soldiers and workers "who had never been aware of the existence of a national gay and lesbian cohort discovered friendly bars and made fast friends" (p. 19). Few were prepared for a return to the region's status quo. Lost Revolutions is the first of all a story of hopes betrayed. Daniel is most authoritative discussing agricultural history, and the story he tells is a horrific one-a "corpulent and obfuscating" bureaucracy imposed an "agribusiness" approach upon a traditional "labor-intensive rural order" by means of "government subsidies administered by local elites, land-grant university research, and corporate drumming" (p. 41). His indictment of bureaucratic promotion of chemical herbicides and pesticides (and withholding of studies demonstrating health and environmental risks) is especially vivid and compelling. The bad guys greatly outnumber the good guys in this narrative, and Daniel pulls no punches. Names are named, and photographs which should have been mug shots are included. Lost Revolutions is very nearly as incisive in its discussion of civil rights issues in the 1950s, and the basic narrative is dismayingly similar to the agricultural history. Politicians, school administrators, and ministers take the place of agricultural bureaucrats, and African Americans take the place of small farmers, but once again the story is one of failure of both vision and nerve. The "better sort" lacked all conviction, and they left the initiative to the worst. Daniel's account centers on voter registration drives and school integration issues, and more specifically on two watersheds of the decade-the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. …

Pete Daniel

Papers

Breaking the Land: The Transformation of Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice Cultures since 1880

The shadow of slavery: peonage in the South, 1901-1969

Breaking the Land: The Transformation of Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice Cultures since 1880

Lost Revolutions: The South in the 1950s

The shadow of slavery