A new language called Modelica for hierarchical physical modeling is developed through an international effort. Modelica 1.0 [http:// www.Dynasim.se/Modelica] was announced in September 1997. It is an object-oriented language for modeling of physical systems for the purpose of efficient simulation. The language unifies and generalizes previous object-oriented modeling languages. Compared with the widespread simulation languages available today this language offers three important advances: 1) non-causal modeling based on differential and algebraic equations; 2) multidomain modeling capability, i.e. it is possible to combine electrical, mechanical, thermodynamic, hydraulic etc. model components within the same application model; 3) a general type system that unifies object-orientation, multiple inheritance, and templates within a single class construct.

Modelica - A Unified Object-Oriented Language for System Modelling and Simulation

This study addresses recent changes in the built environment of U.S. metropolitan areas. The confluence of recent economic and sociocultural change has led to the emergence of a number of distinctive new urban settings. This process is interpreted as part of a broader, epochal change in the dynamics of contemporary capitalism. The particular implications of this transformation for the supply and demand of elements of the built environment involve changes in the organization and product mix of developers and construction companies, in the roles and professional orientations of architects and planners, and in commodity aesthetics and patterns of consumption among a “new bourgeoisie.” The imprint of these changes on the built environment is illustrated with reference to the example of the Washington metropolitan area. Among the new settings and landscape elements identified here are private master-planned communities, high-tech corridors, mixed-use developments, “festival” settings, gentrified neigh...

The Restless Urban Landscape: Economic and Sociocultural Change and the Transformation of Metropolitan Washington, DC

The urban canyon and building energy use: Urban density versus daylight and passive solar gains

The ‘Anthropocene’ concept provides a conceptual framework that encapsulates the current global situation in which society has an ever-greater dominating influence on Earth System functioning. Simulation models used to understand earth system dynamics provide early warning, scenario analysis and evaluation of environmental management and policies. This paper aims to assess the extent to which current models represent the Anthropocene and suggest ways forward. Current models do not fully reflect the typical characteristics of the Anthropocene, such as societal influences and interactions with natural processes, feedbacks and system dynamics, tele-connections, tipping points, thresholds and regime shifts. Based on an analysis of current model representations of Anthropocene dynamics, we identify ways to enhance the role of modeling tools to better help us understand Anthropocene dynamics and address sustainability issues arising from them. To explore sustainable futures (‘safe and operating spaces’), social processes and anthropogenic drivers of biophysical processes must be incorporated, to allow for a spectrum of potential impacts and responses at different societal levels. In this context, model development can play a major role in reconciling the different epistemologies of the disciplines that need to collaborate to capture changes in the functioning of socio-ecological systems. Feedbacks between system functioning and underlying endogenous drivers should be represented, rather than assuming the drivers to be exogenous to the modelled system or stationary in time and space. While global scale assessments are important, the global scale dynamics need to be connected to local realities and vice versa. The diversity of stakeholders and potential questions requires a diversification of models, avoiding the convergence towards single models that are able to answer a wide range of questions, but without sufficient specificity. The novel concept of the Anthropocene can help to develop innovative model representations and model architectures that are better suited to assist in designing sustainable solutions targeted at the users of the models and model results.

Methods and approaches to modelling the Anthropocene

Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to account for the widespread occurrence of specialized behavior, especially with regard to food and host-related resource utilization. None of these hypotheses has been widely accepted, although most are recognized as being important for particular taxa or in certain circumstances. We discuss features of neural function as primary proximate mechanisms involved in resource specialization, which may underlie many of the other hypotheses. Diet and host breadth may be associated with the potential informational complexity of an organism's environment. The processing of complex information ultimately entails costs associated with decision time, relative efficiency of food or oviposition site-selection behavior, and concomitant exposure to potential mortality factors. Sensory focusing, through paying attention, experiential processes, or canalized sensory input decreases these costs. Increased efficiency of host finding, recognition, and discrimination can be expected as ...

Sensory Capabilities, Information Processing, and Resource Specialization

Aldo Rossi, a practicing architect and leader of the Italian architectural movement La Tendenza, is also one of the most influential theorists writing today. The Architecture of the City is his major work of architectural and urban theory. In part a protest against functionalism and the Modern Movement, in part an attempt to restore the craft of architecture to its position as the only valid object of architectural study, and in part an analysis of the rules and forms of the city's construction, the book has become immensely popular among architects and design students.

The Architecture of the City

Designing a Mystic Writing Pad after Auschwitz:

Both initiatives were developed in and pioneer of pattern languages of programming as well as Agile Methodology. Both are meant to expand the capacity of pattern languages in support of a hopeful new era of open-source, human-centered, life-enriching using why more natural and life-affirming than A deep malaise of is tied shocking state and our and archetypal deep the our such as fractals, scaling, the golden mean, cellular automata, genetic algorithms, and complexity in simple hand-drawn sketches. has found a way to translate the complexities inherent in the our into that Twelve introduction work on how biology and architecture intersect in humankind's unconscious importance because goes into things that people but What They're Saying... our we see the the played on by mathematical concepts and computer technologies: fractals, cellular automata, genetic algorithms. the beauty of through its usage….Formulating a broad spectrum true A Companion to Medieval English Literature and Culture,c.1350-c.1500 challenges readers to think beyond a narrowlydefined canon and conventional disciplinary boundaries. A ground-breaking collection of newly-commissioned essays onmedieval literature and culture. Encourages students to think beyond a narrowly defined canonand conventional disciplinary boundaries. Reflects the erosion of the traditional, rigid boundary betweenmedieval and early modern literature. Stresses the importance of constructing contexts for readingliterature. Explores the extent to which medieval literature is in dialoguewith other cultural products, including the literature of othercountries, manuscripts and religion. Includes close readings of frequently-studied texts, includingtexts by Chaucer, Langland, the Gawain poet, and Hoccleve. Confronts some of the controversies that exercise students ofmedieval literature, such as those connected with literary theory,love, and chivalry and war.

Peter Eisenman

Papers

The Architecture of the City

Designing a Mystic Writing Pad after Auschwitz:

Unified Architectural Theory Nikos Angelos Salingaros Pdf