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Showing papers by "Peter Feindt published in 2006"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data supports the prophylactic use of amiodarone in peri-operative period in patients at high risk for AF after CABG, and significantly reduced the incidence of post-operative AF among high-risk patients.
Abstract: Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs often in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies using P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiogram (P-SAECG) have shown that patients with a longer filtered P-wave duration (FPD) have a high risk of AF after CABG. We have shown that patients with an FPD ≥ 124 ms and a root-mean-square voltage of the last 20 ms of the P-wave 20 ≤ 3.7 µV have an increased risk of AF after surgery. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate whether or not prophylactic peri-operative administration of amiodarone could reduce the incidence of AF in this high-risk group undergoing CABG identified by P-SAECG. Methods and results In this prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study, 110 patients received either amiodarone ( n = 55) or placebo ( n = 55). During CABG, two patients of both groups died. Amiodarone was given as 600 mg oral single dose one day before and from days 2 through 7 after surgery. In addition, amiodarone was also administered intravenously during surgery in a 300-mg bolus for 1 h and as a total maintenance dose of 20 mg/kg weight over 24 h on the first day following surgery. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of AF after CABG. The secondary endpoint was the hospitalization length of stay after CABG. The baseline characteristics were similar in both treatment groups. The incidence of post-operative AF was significantly higher in the placebo group compared with the amiodarone group (85 vs. 34% of patients, P < 0.0001). The prophylactic therapy with amiodarone significantly reduced the intensive care (1.8 ± 1.7 vs. 2.4 ± 1.5 days, P = 0.001) and hospitalization length of stay (11.3 ± 3.4 vs. 13.0 ± 4.3 days, P = 0.03). In the amiodarone group, concentrations of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone differed significantly between patients with AF and sinus rhythm (amiodarone: 0.96 ± 0.5 vs. 0.62 ± 0.4 µg/mL, P = 0.02; desethylamiodarone: 0.65 ± 0.2 vs. 0.48 ± 0.1 µg/mL, P = 0.04). Conclusion The incidence of post-operative AF among high-risk patients was significantly reduced by a prophylactic amiodarone treatment resulting in a shorter time of intensive care unit and hospital stay. Our data supports the prophylactic use of amiodarone in peri-operative period in patients at high risk for AF after CABG.

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Altered patterns of gene expression indicate a pre-existing structural failure, which is probably a consequence of insufficient remodeling of the aortic wall resulting in further aortsic dissection.
Abstract: We compared gene expression profiles in acutely dissected aorta with those in normal control aorta. Ascending aorta specimen from patients with an acute Stanford A-dissection were taken during surgery and compared with those from normal ascending aorta from multiorgan donors using the BD Atlas™ Human1.2 Array I, BD Atlas™ Human Cardiovascular Array and the Affymetrix HG-U133A GeneChip®. For analysis only genes with strong signals of more than 70 percent of the mean signal of all spots on the array were accepted as being expressed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to confirm regulation of expression of a subset of 24 genes known to be involved in aortic structure and function. According to our definition expression profiling of aorta tissue specimens revealed an expression of 19.1% to 23.5% of the genes listed on the arrays. Of those 15.7% to 28.9% were differently expressed in dissected and control aorta specimens. Several genes that encode for extracellular matrix components such as collagen IV α2 and -α5, collagen VI α3, collagen XIV α1, collagen XVIII α1 and elastin were down-regulated in aortic dissection, whereas levels of matrix metalloproteinases-11, -14 and -19 were increased. Some genes coding for cell to cell adhesion, cell to matrix signaling (e.g., polycystin1 and -2), cytoskeleton, as well as several myofibrillar genes (e.g., α-actinin, tropomyosin, gelsolin) were found to be down-regulated. Not surprisingly, some genes associated with chronic inflammation such as interleukin -2, -6 and -8, were up-regulated in dissection. Our results demonstrate the complexity of the dissecting process on a molecular level. Genes coding for the integrity and strength of the aortic wall were down-regulated whereas components of inflammatory response were up-regulated. Altered patterns of gene expression indicate a pre-existing structural failure, which is probably a consequence of insufficient remodeling of the aortic wall resulting in further aortic dissection.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of the study show that the risk for AF after CABG could preoperatively be predicted with P wave signal averaged ECG and an analysis of CHRS and the predictive power of the COP could be used for a preoperative risk stratification and a corresponding prophylactic therapy in order to reduce costs.

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of risk factors shows that in patients with DVR preoperative parameters, which sometimes are estimated to be unimportant, may cause an adverse outcome, and more attention should be paid to an individual perioperative concept and optimized myocardial protection in such patients.
Abstract: Background The operative risk of combined aortic and mitral surgery is still between 5 and 13 %, whereas isolated AVR normally causes complications in less than 4 % of all patients. Thus, it was the aim of the study to compare both procedures and to evaluate risk stratification in our patient cohort. Patients and methods The inhospital mortality and complication rates were analyzed in both groups over a period of 4 years. There were 396 patients with isolated AVR, and 98 patients with AVR and MVR. For both groups, we investigated 16 possible risk factors for perioperative death or severe complications, such as low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). The risk factors were analyzed by univariate analysis, and factors with P Results There were 11/396 perioperative deaths in patients with AVR (2.8 %) compared to 5/98 (5.1 %) in DVR. The incidence of major complications was 5.3 % in AVR vs. 11.2 % in DVR. As risk factors ( P 55 mmHg. In patients with DVR, we additionally found: left atrial pressure (LAP) > 20 mmHg and creatinine > 2 mg/dl. Risk factors for severe complications in AVR were: former cardiac surgery and creatinine > 2 mg/dl, in cases of DVR, additionally: tricuspid valve disease (TVD) and LAP > 20 mmHg. Conclusions Our analysis of risk factors shows that in patients with DVR preoperative parameters, which sometimes are estimated to be unimportant, may cause an adverse outcome. The operation should be carried out before reaching advanced or even end-stage heart failure, and more attention should be paid to an individual perioperative concept and optimized myocardial protection in such patients.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that the probability of ventricular arrhythmias could be predicted after CABG by a combination of low left ventricular ejection fraction and a measurement of Ventricular signal averaged ECG and standard deviation of all normal RR intervals.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Early diagnostic measures and explorative laparotomy in doubtful situations in patients with positive anamnesis are recommended, as an enormous mortality from abdominal complications following open-heart surgery is shown.
Abstract: Introduction Abdominal complications following open-heart surgery remain serious events as the mortality is reported to be tremendously high. The clinical presentation, the diagnostic strategy and the therapeutic management varies. We reviewed all records of those patients who developed abdominal complications with surgical consequences during the last five years, recorded a complete follow-up and compared the findings to a current view of the literature. Patients and methods Altogether 5720 patients underwent open-heart surgery at our institution between 1/98 and 12/02. Out of these 12 (10 men, 2 women) developed severe gastrointestinal complications with surgical consequences. The mean age was 73.17 +/- 8.1 I1 years. Seven patients underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), two patients combined aortic valve replacement (AVR) and CABG, one isolated AVR, one mitral valve replacement (MVR) and yet another one combined MVR and CABG. The clinical records of all these patients were examined and a complete follow-up was recorded. Results The duration of the entire cardiac operation was a mean of 212.67 +/- 36.97 min, perfusion time 103 +/- 29.32 min and myocardial ischaemic time 52.25 +/- 24.56 min. Length of ICU-stay was between I and 5 days after cardiac surgery. Concerning gastrointestinal complications nine patients suffered from ischaemic intestinal disease, two from gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding and one from a preoperatively unknown bowel tumour with subsequent ileus. Four patients died in the immediate postoperative course, one patient within two years and seven patients show a satisfactory status at follow-up. Conclusions A review from the literature shows an enormous mortality from abdominal complications following open-heart surgery. This was also found in our series. As many of these patients have a history of abdominal disease more attention should be paid to such anamnestic hints in the preparation before cardiac surgery. Hence we recommend early diagnostic measures and explorative laparotomy in doubtful situations in patients with positive anamnesis.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Captopril protects against systolic and diastolic stunning, against vascular stunning and preserves cardiac metabolism, and should induce delayed preconditioning (e.g. for routine interventional cardiology or in elective cardiac surgery).
Abstract: 1. Bradykinin B(2) receptor activation confers preconditioning from ischaemic injury. In the present study, we tested whether an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (captopril) could mediate delayed preconditioning and, thus, cardioprotection. 2. New Zealand white rabbits received 15 mL infusion of either saline (control group; n = 7) or drugs (0.3 mg/kg captopril (CAP group; n = 7) or 0.3 mg/kg captopril + 0.1 mg/kg HOE 140 (CAPHOE group; n = 7)) via a marginal ear vein over 30 min. After 24 h, hearts were connected to a Langendorff apparatus and buffer perfused. The experimental protocol consisted of 20 min global normothermic hypoxia, followed by 120 min reperfusion. 3. Compared with baseline, the mean (SEM) contractile state (= dP/dt(max)) at 120 min reperfusion was decreased to 42 +/- ;23, 72 +/- ;16 (*P < 0.05 vs control) and 49 +/- ;22% in the control, CAP and CAPHOE groups, respectively. Early relaxation (= dP/dt(min)) was reduced to 55 +/- ;28, 73 +/- ;15 (*P < 0.05 vs control) and 52 +/- ;19% in the control, CAP and CAPHOE groups, respectively. The estimate for myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO(2)= rate-pressure product) was decreased to 52 +/- ;15, 69 +/- ;24 (*P < 0.05 vs control) and 56 +/- ;15% in the control, CAP and CAPHOE groups, respectively. Similarly, coronary flow was decreased in the control, CAP and CAPHOE groups to 49 +/- ;20, 67 +/- ;18 and 46 +/- ;19%, respectively. In contrast, ventricular extrasystoles during reperfusion were significantly elevated in both the CAP and CAPHOE groups (1.3 +/- ;0.2 and 1.1 +/- ;0.3 /min, respectively) compared with control (0.4 +/- ;0.2 /min). 4. Captopril confers delayed preconditioning against stunning via a B(2) receptor-mediated pathway. This pharmacological preconditioning protects against systolic and diastolic stunning, against vascular stunning and preserves cardiac metabolism. In addition to its accepted cardioprotective effects in early preconditioning, captopril should induce delayed preconditioning (e.g. for routine interventional cardiology or in elective cardiac surgery).

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2006
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to study whether NCPAP may improve pulmonary oxygen transfer and may avoid Re-Intubation after cardiac surgery and to compare this protocol to a protocol-invasive procedures.
Abstract: Aufgrund des steigenden Patientenalters und der zunehmenden Co-Morbiditat im herzchirurgischen Patientenklientel wird seit geraumer Zeit eine Zunahme der respiratorischen Problematik bei extubierten Patienten in der postoperativen Phase beobachtet. Ziel der Studie war daher die Evaluierung nichtinvasiver Ventilationshilfen (Nasen-CPAP und die nichtinvasive Uberdruckbeatmung, NPPV) im Vergleich zur fruhzeitigen Re-Intubation. In einem Zeitraum von 2 Jahren untersuchten wir bei allen Patienten mit Oxygenierungseinbusen oder Hyperkapnie, die innerhalb der ersten 12 Stunden postoperativ nach einer herzchirurgischen Operation extubiert werden konnten, das postoperative Outcome. Alle Patienten zeigten die anerkannten Kriterien zur Re-Intubation. Die Gruppen wurden nach dem applizierten Therapieregime unterschieden in: Gruppe A: sofortige Re-Intubation (n=88), Gruppe B: NCPAP-Behandlung (n=173), Gruppe C: NPPV (n=18). 25,4% der Gruppe B und 22,2% Patienten der Gruppe C wurden im Verlauf einer NCPAP- oder NPPV-Therapie reintubiert. Alle anderen Patienten der Gruppe B und C konnten mittels der genannten non-invasiven Beatmungshilfen wiederhergestellt werden (B: 34,3±5,9 Stunden; C: 26,4±4,4 Stunden; p<0,05). In der Gruppe A sahen wir eine hohere Mortalitatsrate (7,95%) als in Gruppe B (4,04%) und Gruppe C (3,55%). Sowohl die Dauer der Intensivbehandlung als auch die Gesamtverweildauer in der Klinik waren in Gruppe A signifikant hoher. Die Inzidenz von Pneumonien (A: 22,7%, B: 10,4%, C: 11,1%, p<0,05) und der Bedarf an Katecholaminen war in Gruppe A signifikant erhoht, wohingegen die NCPAP-Patienten signifikant haufiger sternale Wundheilungsstorungen aufwiesen. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Erhebungen implizieren, dass nach Moglichkeit eine sofortige Re-Intubation zugunsten non-invasiver Beatmungshilfen vermieden werden sollte. In diesem Zusammenhang ist jedoch vor dem Hintergrund etwaiger sternaler Wundheilungsstorungen die Atemmechanik von entscheidender Bedeutung.

1 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2006
TL;DR: Wir konnten zeigen, dass die besten Resultate bezüglich des Blutverlustes, der Transfusion von Erythrozytenkonzentraten (EK) oder von fresh-frozen-plasma (FFP), aber auch die Inzidenz von Rethorakotomien in Gruppe B (Gabe von Aprotinin) am geringsten ist.
Abstract: Da die Zahl der Patienten, die praoperativ mit Tirofiban behandelt werden, steigt, ist eine Modifikation des perioperativen Managements zu diskutieren, um die Inzidenz postoperativer Nachblutungen zu vermindern. In einem Zeitraum von Januar 2002 bis Juni 2005 untersuchten wir 232 konsekutive Patienten, die mit Tirofiban vorbehandelt worden waren und sich einer aortokoronaren Bypassoperation (ACB) unterzogen haben. Hierbei wurden vier Gruppen unterschieden, Gruppe A: Alleinige Gabe von Tirofiban (n = 70), Gruppe B: Zusatzliche Gabe von Aprotinin, Gruppe C: Zusatzliche Gabe von Tranexamsaure (n = 52), Gruppe D: keine spezifische Antikoagulation. In einem weiteren Schritt wurden die Patienten anhand des Zeitpunktes der Applikation von Tirofiban miteinander verglichen (< 2 h, 2–4 h und > 4 h vor der Operation). Die verschiedenen Gruppen wurden in Bezug auf das postoperative outcome, insbesondere aber hinsichtlich moglicher Blutungskomplikationen miteinander verglichen. Es zeigte sich im postoperativen Verlauf, dass der Blutverlust bei allen Patienten die mit Tirofiban vorbehandelt worden waren, signifikant hoher war, als bei solchen ohne Tirofiban-Behandlung (810 ± 540 ml vs. 430 ± 280 ml, p < 0,05). Wir konnten zeigen, dass die besten Resultate bezuglich des Blutverlustes, der Transfusion von Erythrozytenkonzentraten (EK) oder von fresh-frozen-plasma (FFP), aber auch die Inzidenz von Rethorakotomien in Gruppe B (Gabe von Aprotinin) am geringsten ist. (Blutverlust: A: 1150 ± 560 ml, B: 630 ± 305 ml, C: 910 ± 480 ml, p < 0,05; EK: A: 820 ± 520 ml, B: 440 ± 210 ml, C: 690 ± 420 ml, p < 0.05; FFP: A: 600 ± 290 ml, B: 300 ± 180 ml, C: 590 ± 450 ml, p < 0.05; Rethorakotomie: A: 10%, B: 5,45%, C: 7,69%, p < 0,05). Es wurden weiterhin signifikant weniger Komplikationen bei Patienten beobachtet, die Thrombozytenkonzentrate (TK) bekommen haben oder intraoperativ einer Hamofiltration unterzogen wurden. Aber auch die Patienten, bei denen die Tirofiban-Therapie langer als 4 h vor der Operation ausgesetzt worden war, zeigten signifikant weniger Nachblutungen. Die praoperative Behandlung mit den GP IIb/IIIa-Rezeptor-Antagonisten Tirofiban, induziert eine Zunahme der postoperativen Blutverluste. Ein fruhzeitiges Aussetzen der Behandlung sowie die Gabe von Aprotinin und von TK’s tragen entscheidend zur Reduktion von Blutungskomplikationen bei.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2006
TL;DR: In der Klinik für Thorax- and Kardiovaskularchirurgie der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf wurde ein individueller Risiko-Score für die beiden Patienten-Gruppen erstellt.
Abstract: Das operative Risiko bei kombinierten Aorten- und Mitralklappenoperationen betragt auch heutzutage noch etwa 5–13%, wohingegen eine isolierte Aortenklappenersatzoperation normalerweise eine Komplikationsrate von weniger als 4% aufweist. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher, die beiden Vorgehensweisen miteinander zu vergleichen und zu beurteilen, ob eine vergleichende Risikoeinschatzung bei diesen Patienten moglich ist. In der Klinik fur Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie der Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf wurden die Mortalitats- und Komplikationsraten in beiden Gruppen uber einen Zeitraum von 4 Jahren analysiert. Es wurden insgesamt 396 Patienten einem isolierten Aortenklappenersatz unterzogen, wohingegen die Anzahl der Doppelkappenersatzoperation (AKE+MKE) 98 betrug. Das durchschnittliche Alter in der gesamten Kohorte betrug 63,8 ± 6,8 Jahre, dabei zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied (AKE: 62,4 ± 6,6; DKE: 64,1 ± 6,7 Jahre). Wir untersuchten beide Gruppen auf insgesamt 16 mogliche Risikofaktoren, die in einem Zusammenhang mit schwerwiegenden Komplikationen auftraten, wie z.B. ein postoperatives Low-cardiac-output-Syndrom, fortgeschrittenes Alter oder eine praoperativ eingeschrankte Nierenfunktion oder ein verlangerter Aufenthalt auf der Intensivstation. Faktoren die mit einem p-Wert ≤ 0,01 wurden der Multivarianzanalyse zugefuhrt. Mit Hilfe der durch die Regressionsanalyse als unabhangige Faktoren identifizierten Prediktoren wurde ein individueller Risiko-Score fur die beiden Patienten-Gruppen erstellt. Es verstarben insgesamt 11 von 396 Patienten im postoperativen Verlauf in der Gruppe mit isoliertem Aortenklappenersatz (2,8%). Im Vergleich dazu starben 5 von 98 Patienten in der Gruppe mit Doppelklappenersatz (5,1%). Die Inzidenz fur schwerwiegende Komplikationen betrug 5,3% bei isoliertem AKE, im Gegensatz zu 11,2% beim AKE+MKE. Als Risikofaktoren fur Tod (p<0,01) bei isoliertem AKE konnten wir folgende Punkte verifizieren: Rezidiveingriffe, Aortenstenose und pulmonal arterielle Hypertonie >55 mmHg. Bei Patienten mit Doppelklappenersatz konnten wir zusatzlich als Risikofaktoren fur Tod identifizieren: links atrialer Druck (LAP) > 20 mmHg, und Kreatinin > 2 mg/dl. Risikofaktoren fur schwere Komplikationen sind bei isoliertem AKE: Rezidiveingriffe und ein Kreatinin- Wert von > 2 mg/dl. In der DKE-Gruppe gelten als Risikofaktoren fur schwere Komplikationen: Trikuspidalklappenvitien (TV) und ein links atrialer Druck (LAP) > 20 mmHg. Patienten mit den hier identifizieren Risikofaktoren bedurfen der besonderen Beobachtung mit einem masgeschneiderten Konzept fur den operativen Eingriff, der im Falle eines DKE oft als Hoch-Risiko-Eingriff angesehen werden muss.