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Showing papers by "Peter H. Lindert published in 2010"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found that the distribution of local political voice appears to be a robust predictor of tax support and enrollments, both within and between regions, and that extra local voice raised tax support without crowding out private support for education.
Abstract: Three factors help to explain why school enrollments in the Northern United States were higher than those in the South and in most of Europe by 1850. One was affordability: the northern schools had lower direct costs relative to income. The second was the greater autonomy of local governments. The third was the greater diffusion of voting power among the citizenry in much of the North, especially in rural communities. The distribution of local political voice appears to be a robust predictor of tax support and enrollments, both within and between regions. Extra local voice raised tax support without crowding out private support for education.

116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the relationship between education and renta in Latin America and find that the most glaring anomalies were the Venezuelan and Argentina failures to supply the levels of tax support for mass schooling that their high income could have afforded.
Abstract: espanolEste articulo estudia algunas irregularidades de la relacion entre educacion y renta, por la que los paises ricos ofrecen menos educacion que los pobres. Esta relacion no parece encajar con la historia de los paises ricos ni se presta a una comprobacion econometrica. Para comprobar la cadena causal acreditada entre la desigualdad de poder o riqueza y baja escolarizacion, uno tiene que seguir el dinero publico o la ausencia de este en tantos contextos como sea posible. La financiacion publica de la escolarizacion de masas aun no ha sido examinada en el eslabon medio en la cadena. La clave de la baja escolarizacion latinoamericana fue un problema de ingreso fiscal, no de discriminacion de genero o de un fallo de mercado en la demanda de mano de obra cualificada. Las irregularidades mas flagrantes las encontramos en Venezuela y Argentina que fallaron en el nivel de apoyo fiscal a la escolarizacion de masas en relacion con los ingresos medios disponibles. EnglishFocusing on education�income anomalies, in which a richer country delivers less education than a poorer country, seems a promising way to harvest a part of the rich history that does not lend itself to econometrics. To test the chain of alleged causation from unequal power and wealth to poor schooling, one must follow the public money, or lack of it, in as many contexts as the data will allow. Public funding for mass schooling is the hitherto untested middle link in the chain. The key to Latin America�s poor schooling was the failure to supply tax money, not gender discrimination or any shortfall in market demand for skills. The most glaring anomalies were the Venezuelan and Argentine failures to supply the levels of tax support for mass schooling that their high income could have afforded.

33 citations


01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the observed income inequality to the maximum feasible inequality that, at a given level of income, might have been extracted by those in power, and give new insights into the connection between inequality and economic development in the very long run.
Abstract: Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? Or, were pre-industrial incomes as unequal as they are today? This article infers inequality across individuals within each of the 28 preindustrial societies, for which data were available, using what are known as social tables. It applies two new concepts: the inequality possibility frontier and the inequality extraction ratio. They compare the observed income inequality to the maximum feasible inequality that, at a given level of income, might have been extracted’ by those in power. The results give new insights into the connection between inequality and economic development in the very long run. 1. Exploring Inequality in Pre-industrial Societies

1 citations


01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, Lindert et al. revisió a revisión de estas “etapas” with the fin of enfocar the acontecimientos contemporáneos a través de una mejor perspective.
Abstract: Desde que Cristóbal Colón y Vasco de Gama salieron de Europa en las expediciones marítimas, ya han pasado 500 años y la globalización se ha ido implementando por etapas. Este artículo hace una revisión de estas “etapas” con el fin de enfocar los acontecimientos contemporáneos a través de una mejor perspectiva. Este trabajo analiza también las relaciones entre la globalización y la desigualdad mundial. ¿Cuáles son los ganadores y los perdedores de la globalización? Esta interrogante la podemos descomponer en tres preguntas adicionales: ¿Cómo han evolucionado las diferencias de los ingresos entre las naciones? ¿Cómo han evolucionado las diferencias de los ingresos al interior de cada nación? ¿Cómo la desigualdad mundial ha evolucionado con las migraciones de los individuos de nación en nación? Este artículo se centra en la primera y en la última pregunta, mientras que una versión más amplia aborda con mayor detalle cada una de las tres preguntas (Lindert y Williamson (2001)).

1 citations