Showing papers by "Peter R.E. Crocker published in 1992"

Coping by Individuals with Physical Disabilities with Perceived Challenge in Physical Activity: Are People Consistent?

Abstract: This study examined coping and affective experience to perceived challenge in physical activity settings in 30 individuals with physical disabilities in three separate situations over 6 months. On every occasion, each individual was asked to report the most challenging physical activity of the preceding week and indicate how he or she coped with the challenge and what affective states were experienced. Coping was measured using a modification of Carver, Scheier, and Weintraub's (1989) COPE inventory. Self-reported mood was assessed using the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). The data indicated that perceived challenge was characterized by high levels of positive affect. Generalizability theory, used to determine the relative stability of coping strategies, indicated that individuals with physical disabilities did not consistently use the same coping skill strategies across settings.

Perceived Challenge in Physical Activity by Individuals With Physical Disabilities: The Relationship Between Appraisal and Affect

Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between cognitive appraisal and self-reported affect during challenging physical activity by 55 adults (16 females, 39 males) with physical disabilities. Eleven cognitive appraisals related to perceived challenge in physical activity plus positive and negative affect experienced in a recent challenging physical activity were assessed in an interview. The data indicated that perceived challenge was characterized by higher levels of positive affect (M=4.03, SD=.71) compared to negative affect (M=1.54, SD=.61). Correlational analyses revealed that the appraisals of fitness and health, learning skills, demonstrating competence, effort, social approval, task value, and external control were all significantly related to positive affect. A regression analysis for positive affect revealed that a two-term equation using task value and social approval could account for 39% of the variance. No appraisals were significantly related to negative affect.

Testing the Validity of the Movement Confidence Model in a High-Risk Dive by Novices

Abstract: This study investigated Griffin and Keogh's movement confidence model. This model holds that movement confidence is determined by the joint influence of perception of ability, the potential for enjoying moving, and the potential for harm. Undergraduate students, 20 males and 20 females, attempted three modified back dives. Before each dive, subjects completed measures on perceived diving confidence, perceived diving ability, potential for enjoying the dive, and potential for harm. Scale internal consistency ranged from «=.62 to «=.85. Regression analyses found a three-term model was a significant predictor of movement confidence (R2s=.54, .67, .71, for Dives 1, 2, and 3, respectively). However, hierarchical regression analyses indicated only potential for physical harm made a significant, unique contribution. The data highlight the importance of perceived movement sensations in influencing the appraisal of movement confidence.