ONAG, as the book is commonly known, is one of those rare publications that sprang to life in a moment of creative energy and has remained influential for over a quarter of a century. Originally written to define the relation between the theories of transfinite numbers and mathematical games, the resulting work is a mathematically sophisticated but eminently enjoyable guide to game theory. By defining numbers as the strengths of positions in certain games, the author arrives at a new class, the surreal numbers, that includes both real numbers and ordinal numbers. These surreal numbers are applied in the author's mathematical analysis of game strategies. The additions to the Second Edition present recent developments in the area of mathematical game theory, with a concentration on surreal numbers and the additive theory of partizan games.

On numbers and games, by J. H. Conway. Pp ix, 238. £6·50. 1976. SBN 0 12 186350 6 (Academic Press)

We explore building generative neural network models of popular reinforcement learning environments. Our world model can be trained quickly in an unsupervised manner to learn a compressed spatial and temporal representation of the environment. By using features extracted from the world model as inputs to an agent, we can train a very compact and simple policy that can solve the required task. We can even train our agent entirely inside of its own hallucinated dream generated by its world model, and transfer this policy back into the actual environment. An interactive version of this paper is available at https://worldmodels.github.io/

World Models

The natural philosophy of time

The visual cortex.

By 1897 Guglielmo Marconi had transformed James Clerk Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic waves into a workable wireless telegraphy system, and by 1907 Lee de Forest had invented the audion, a feedback amplifier and oscillator that opened the way to practical radio transmission. Fifteen years after Marconi's invention, wireless had become an essential means of communication, as well as a hobby for many.This book offers a new perspective on the early days of wireless communication. Drawing on previously untapped archival evidence and recent work in the history and sociology of science and technology, it examines the substance and context of both experimental and theoretical aspects of engineering and scientific practices in the first years of this technology. It offers new insights into the relationship between Marconi and his scientific advisor, the physicist John Ambrose Fleming (inventor of the vacuum tube). It includes the full story of the infamous 1903 incident in which Marconi's opponent Nevil Maskelyne interfered with Fleming's public demonstration of Marconi's syntonic (tuning) system at the Royal Institution by sending derogatory messages from his own transmitter. The analysis of the Maskelyne affair highlights the struggle between Marconi and his opponents, the efficacy of early syntonic devices, Fleming's role as a public witness to Marconi's private experiments, and the nature of Marconi's "shows." It also provides a rare case study of how the credibility of an engineer can be created, consumed, and suddenly destroyed. The book concludes with a discussion of de Forest's audion and the shift from wireless telegraphy to radio.

Wireless: From Marconi's Black-Box to the Audion

Zero Why Does Physics Work? The Emergence of Physics Groups and Representations Breaking the Dirac Code The Dirac Nilpotent Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics and the Classical Transition The Classical and Special Relativistic Approximations The Resolution of Paradoxes Electric, Strong and Weak Interactions QED and Its Analogues Vacuum Fermion and Boson Structures A Representation of Strong and Electroweak Interactions Grand Unification and Particle Masses The Factor 2 and Duality Gravity and Inertia Dimensionality, Strings and Quantum Gravity Nature's Code Nature's Rule Infinity

Zero to Infinity: The Foundations of Physics

Foundational Physics: Non-Commutative Worlds (Louis H Kauffman) What is Wrong with Spacetime? (Garnet Ord) Zero-Totality in Action-Reaction Space: A Generalization of Newton's Third Law? (Sabah E Karam) New Formalization of Putnam's Proof That Time Does Not Flow (Jan Czerniawski) Special and General Relativity: Explicit and Implicit Uncertainties and Uncertainty principle in the Special Theory of Relativity (Oleg Matvejev) On the Maximum Speed of Matter Dionysios (G Raftopoulos) Relativity Based on Revised Particle Physics (Albrecht Giese) Geometrodynamics: A Complementarity of Newton's and Einstein's Gravity (Richard L Amoroso) Thermodynamics, Fields, and Gravity: Thoughts on Landauer's Principle and Its Experimental Verification (Jeremy Dunning-Davies) Fields in Action (John Dainton) Dark Matter Halo Around a Gravitational Body (Vladimir Kauts) An Introduction to Boscovichian Unified Field Theory (Roger Anderton) Quantum Mechanics : Quantum Causality (Sergey Korotaev) Stability of the Magnetized Quantum Vacuum (Shang-Yung Wang) Emergence of a New Quantum Mechanic by Multivalued Logic (Claude Gaudeau de Gerlicz) Dirac Sea and Its Evolution (Boris Volfson) Cosmology and Consciousness: Asymptotically Einstein Universe (Phillial Oh) Universal Scaling Laws in Quantum Theory and Cosmology (Elizabeth A Rauscher) A Transluminal Energy Quantum Model of The Cosmic Quantum (Richard Gautier) The Neurogenetic Correlates of Consciousness (John K Grandy) and other papers.

The Physics of Reality:Space, Time, Matter, Cosmos

The representation of the 32-part Dirac algebra by a combination of 4-vectors and quaternions allows the Dirac equation to be represented in various simplified forms, including a fully symmetrical version involving all five gamma matrices. The symmetrical version can be used to identify the Dirac spinor wavefunction as containing the square root of a conservation of energy operator whose eigenvalue is zero. This allows us to find explicit expressions for the wavefunction, and for creation and annihilation operators. Immediate physical consequences include Pauli exclusion, the parity-violating single-handedness of massless particles, and the opposite intrinsic parities of fermions and antifermions. The symmetrical equation also leads to more fundamental physical consequences. Mass becomes a ‘fifth’ dimension on a par with the four of space and time, and mass-energy-momentum becomes a five-dimensional operator symmetrical to one representing electromagnetic, strong and weak interactions. Mass can also be structured as a quasi-three-dimensional quantity linked to the existence of three parameters of measurement.

The Physical Consequences of a New Version of the Dirac Equation

The connection between the Han–Nambu quark theory, the Dirac equation and fundamental symmetries

Introduction to Foundational Physics Mathematical Ideas and Methods The Most Primitive Concepts A Fundamental Symmetry Nilpotent Quantum Mechanics I-II Nilpotent Quantum Field Theory Gravity Particles Return to Symmetries

Peter Rowlands

Papers

Zero to Infinity: The Foundations of Physics

The Physics of Reality:Space, Time, Matter, Cosmos

The Physical Consequences of a New Version of the Dirac Equation

The connection between the Han–Nambu quark theory, the Dirac equation and fundamental symmetries

The Foundations of Physical Law