The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language

Extensively revised and updated, this second edition provides, in an A-Z format, an analysis of the most important generalizations that have been made on the unidirectional change of grammatical forms and constructions. Based on the analysis of more than 1,000 languages, it reconstructs over 500 processes of grammatical change in the languages of the world, including East Asian languages such as Chinese, Korean and Japanese. Readers are provided with the tools to discover how lexical and grammatical meanings can be related to one another in a principled way, how such issues as polysemy, heterosemy, and transcategoriality are dealt with, and why certain linguistic forms have simultaneous lexical and grammatical functions. Definitions of lexical concepts are provided with examples from a broad variety of languages, and references to key relevant research literature. Linguists and other scholars will gain a better understanding of languages on a worldwide scale.

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World Lexicon of grammaticalization

List of figures Preface and acknowledgements Conventions List of abbreviations 1. The framework 2. Prior and current work on semantic change 3. The development of modal verbs 4. The development of adverbials with discourse marker function 5. The development of performative verbs and constructions 6. The development of social deictics 7. Conclusion Primary references Secondary references Index of languages Index of names Index of subjects.

/pdf/regularity-in-semantic-change-42hlchur4l.pdf

Regularity in Semantic Change

1. Introduction 2. Linguistics Forms, Properties and Efficient Signaling 3. Defining the Efficiency Principles and their Predictions 4. More on Form Minimization 5. Adjacency Effects Within Phrases 6. Minimal Forms in complements/Adjuncts and Proximity 7. Relative Clause and Wh-movement Universals 8. Symmetries, Asymmetric Dependencies and Earliness Effects 9. Conclusions Abbreviations References Index of Authors Index of Languages Subject Index

Efficiency and complexity in grammars

The World Atlas of Language Structures Online

Sentences like these are special insofar as their utterance in appropriate circumstances amounts to performing the action identified by the finite verb. The typical formal properties of such sentences in English include first person subjects, second person indirect objects, a present tense non-progressive active form of a speech act verb and the deictic adverb hereby, but performative sentences may also be in the passive voice, contain modal hedges and a nominalization instead of a verb:

/pdf/language-typology-and-syntactic-description-speech-act-2fpl9nc7ti.pdf

Language Typology and Syntactic Description: Speech act distinctions in grammar

Intensifiers and reflexives: A typological perspective

Intensifiers and reflexives

Causal and concessive clauses: Formal and semantic relations

1. List of contributors 2. Introduction. The construction of meaning in language (by Radden, Gunter) 3. Part I: Metonymy and metaphor 4. Experiential tests of figurative meaning construction (by Gibbs, Jr., Raymond W.) 5. High-level metaphor and metonymy in meaning construction (by Ruiz de Mendoza Ibanez, Francisco Jose) 6. The role of metonymy in meaning construction at discourse level: A case study (by Barcelona, Antonio) 7. Chained metonymies in lexicon and grammar: A cross-linguistic perspective on body-part terms (by Hilpert, Martin) 8. Arguing the case against coercion (by Ziegeler, Debra) 9. When Zidane is not simply Zidane, and Bill Gates is not just Bill Gates: Some thoughts on the construction of metaphtonymic meanings of proper names (by Brdar, Mario) 10. Collocational overlap can guide metaphor interpretation (by Stefanowitsch, Anatol) 11. Part II: Mental spaces and conceptual blending 12. Constructing the meanings of personal pronouns (by Langacker, Ronald W.) 13. The construction of meaning in relative clauses: Indeterminacy and constraints (by Nikiforidou, Kiki) 14. Constraints on inferential constructions (by Koops, Christian) 15. The construction of vagueness: "Sort-of" expressions in Romance languages (by Mihatsch, Wiltrud) 16. Communication or memory mismatch?: Towards a cognitive typology of questions (by Schulze, Wolfgang) 17. Brutal Brits and persuasive Americans: Variety-specifc meaning construction in the into-causative (by Wulff, Stefanie) 18. Index of authors 19. Index of subjects 20. Index of metonymies and metaphors

http://psychstudent.persiangig.com/books/Language/Aspects%20of%20Meaning%20Construction_John%20Benjamins.pdf

Peter Siemund

Papers

Language Typology and Syntactic Description: Speech act distinctions in grammar

Intensifiers and reflexives: A typological perspective

Intensifiers and reflexives

Causal and concessive clauses: Formal and semantic relations

Aspects of Meaning Construction