Peter Wad

Abstract: This paper explains the evolution and assesses the development of the Malaysian automotive industry within the premise of infant industry and trade protection framework as well as extended arguments of infant industry using a global value chain perspective. The Malaysian automotive industry expanded in terms of sales, production, employment and local content, but failed in industrial upgrading and international competitiveness. The failures can be attributed to (a) lack of political promotion for high challenge-high support environment, (b) low technological and marketing capabilities and (c) limited participation in the global value chain. Although the Malaysian infant industry protection policy comprised many promising initiatives, the national and the overall domestic automobile industry ended up as a captive of the regionalised Japanese keiretsu system in automobile manufacturing. A new transformation is required to push the industry beyond its current performance through a more strategic productive coalition with multiple stakeholders including trade unions.

Abstract: With the exception of countries with huge potential markets like China and India the dominant academic view on establishing and sustaining viable national automobile projects in Asian developing countries is pessimistic, but still pursued by some developing country governments in Asia. Where do these contradicting views leave the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) automobile industry a decade after the East Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998, and at a time of a new global financial crisis emanating in the US and a downturn of the global economy? And how has automobile manufacturing in Thailand and Malaysia – two countries with sizable automobile markets that pursued different automobile policies and strategies since the early 1980s – adjusted and developed in a context of economic globalisation and emerging regionalisation of the ASEAN auto market in the twenty-first century? What are the lessons to be learned by Thailand's automobile policy that is oriented towards foreign direct investment ...

Abstract: This contribution aims to investigate whether, how and why national automobile policies in Korea and Malaysia have generated industrial upgrading and increased competitiveness of the domestic automobile components industry to the point of world class suppliers. The study applies a global value chain perspective on the development of national automobile firms and industries in developing countries. The contribution argues that the rise of powerful multinational companies (MNCs) who were automobile suppliers of systems or modules based on advanced proprietary technology and branding has made it more important than ever that upper tier suppliers evolve and/or locate in global value chains to remain competitive. No such automobile suppliers have yet emerged out of the local Korean and Malaysian automobile component industry, but world class foreign automobile suppliers have established operations especially in Korea. Hence, both the Korean and Malaysian vehicle makers will depend upon and have to ally with le...

Abstract: The automotive industries of Southeast Asia have grown significantly but unevenly Thailand has outperformed its neighbours in Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines with regard to production and, most notably, export volumes But the Thai auto industry has not exhibited the level of local (indigenous) technology capacity and input growth seen in South Korea, Taiwan and, increasingly, in China The 1997–98 and 2008 financial and economic crises generally reinforced pre-existing national automotive strategies, but to different degrees: They strongly accelerated an earlier Thai move to exports whose very success weakened pressures for upgrading; encouraged more moderate automotive liberalisation in Indonesia and, to a lesser extent, in the Philippines; but promoted only minimal changes to Malaysia’s relatively protectionist national car strategy The fact that the crises served more to reinforce than to reverse existing tendencies reflects a broader set of political economy factors that influence n

Abstract: The article addresses international campaigning for labour rights and global labour networking against illegitimate labour practices of global corporations. Theoretically, the article offers an analytical framework to explain and strategise labour empowerment and disempowerment in Global Production Networks. The problem is approached by reviewing how the issue of labour agency is addressed in literature about Global Value Chains, Global Production Networks and Labour Geography. Given the limited progress in theorising cross-border labour agency, two new approaches within the industrial relations research tradition – Strategic Union Corporate Analysis and Strategic Choice Framework – are linked to economic geography perspectives, with a view to offering a more integrated Global Labour Network (GLN) approach. The framework is then applied to analyse and explain the outcome and impact of a Danish–Malaysian campaign in support of a worker collective in a Danish controlled joint venture in Malaysia struggling for union recognition and collective bargaining agreement. The article concludes that the GLN approach integrates the achievements of the labour agency literatures by focusing on explaining changes in strategic labour power from the dynamic interface of strategic opportunities and labour capacity. Moreover, it is argued that semi-comprehensive international campaigns of labour NGOs may add critical but insufficient support to labour agency in developing countries with highly legalistic and politically infused industrial relations systems. Finally, international labour NGO networks will not be sustainable if they are not integrated with and supported by national and global union networks that match the power of global corporate networks.

Abstract: 目的 探讨CD25单抗在无血缘关系造血干细胞移植（UHSCT）中对干细胞植入和移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的作用。方法 27例UHCST中，移植后1、4d给予CD25单抗1mg/kg。结果 27例中，除1例早期死亡外，26例患者造血全部重建。17例发生急性GVHD，其中Ⅱ度以上急性GVHD6例（23％）。复发3例，严重感染3例。26例可评价患者中，19例无病生存（73％）。结论 CD25单抗在UHSCT中对保证干细胞植入和预防GVHD有肯定的作用，白血病复发并不增加。此研究为UHCST和HLA不合的造血干细胞移植提供一个可选择的途径。

Abstract: This paper extends prior supply chain research by building and empirically testing a theoretical model of the contingency effects of environmental uncertainty (EU) on the relationships between three dimensions of supply chain integration and four dimensions of operational performance. Based on the contingency and organizational information processing theories, we argue that under a high EU, the associations between supplier/customer integration, and delivery and flexibility performance, and those between internal integration, and product quality and production cost, will be strengthened. These theoretical propositions are largely confirmed by multi-group and structural path analyses of survey responses collected from 151 of Thailand’s automotive manufacturing plants. This paper contributes to operations management contingency research and provides theory-driven and empirically proven explanations for managers to differentiate the effects of internal and external integration efforts under different environmental conditions. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.