https://www.chem.ccu.edu.tw/~joyce/referance/gump/IL/Chem.%20Rev.%201999,%2099,%202071.pdf

Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at low temperature (<100 degrees C) which represent a new class of solvents with nonmolecular, ionic character. Even though the first representative has been known since 1914, ionic liquids have only been investigated as solvents for transition metal catalysis in the past ten years. Publications to date show that replacing an organic solvent by an ionic liquid can lead to remarkable improvements in well-known processes. Ionic liquids form biphasic systems with many organic product mixtures. This gives rise to the possibility of a multiphase reaction procedure with easy isolation and recovery of homogeneous catalysts. In addition, ionic liquids have practically no vapor pressure which facilitates product separation by distillation. There are also indications that switching from a normal organic solvent to an ionic liquid can lead to novel and unusual chemical reactivity. This opens up a wide field for future investigations into this new class of solvents in catalytic applications.

Ionic Liquids-New "Solutions" for Transition Metal Catalysis.

In contrast to a recently expressed, and widely cited, view that “Ionic liquids are starting to leave academic labs and find their way into a wide variety of industrial applications”, we demonstrate in this critical review that there have been parallel and collaborative exchanges between academic research and industrial developments since the materials were first reported in 1914 (148 references)

Applications of ionic liquids in the chemical industry

We report here initial results that demonstrate that cellulose can be dissolved without activation or pretreatment in, and regenerated from, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and other hydrophilic ionic liquids. This may enable the application of ionic liquids as alternatives to environmentally undesirable solvents currently used for dissolution of this important bioresource.

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Dissolution of Cellose with Ionic Liquids

Preface A Note From The Editors THE EARLY YEARS OF IONIC LIQUIDS SYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION Synthesis Quality Aspects and other Questions Related to Commercial Ionic Liquid Production Synthesis of Task-specific Ionic Liquids PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Melting Points Viscosity and Density Solubility and Solvation in Ionic Liquids Gas Solubilities Polarity Electrochemistry STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS Order in the Liquid State and Structure Computational Modelling of Ionic Liquids Translational Diffusion Molecular Reorientational Dynamics ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis: Effects on Rate and Selectivity Stoicheiometric Organic Reactions and Acid-catalysed Reactions in Ionic Liquids Transition Metal Catalysis in Ionic Liquids Ionic Liquids in Multiphasic Reactions Task Specific Ionic Liquids (TSILs): A New Generation of Soluble Supports for Supported Organic Synthesis (SPOS) Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Catalysts Multiphasic Catalysis Using Ionic Liquids in Combination with Compressed CO2 INORGANIC SYNTHESIS Directed Inorganic and Organometallic Synthesis Making of Inorganic Materials by Electrochemical Methods Ionic Liquids in Material Synthesis: Functional Nanoparticles and Other Inorganic Nanostructures POLYMER SYNTHESIS IN IONIC LIQUIDS BIOCATALYTIC REACTIONS IN IONIC LIQUIDS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS CONLUDING REMARKS AND OUTLOOK

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Ionic Liquids in Synthesis

Ionische Flussigkeiten sind bei niedrigen Temperaturen (<100 °C) schmelzende Salze, die eine neuartige Klasse von Losungsmitteln mit nichtmolekularem, ionischem Charakter darstellen. Auch wenn einige bereits seit 1914 bekannt sind, wurden ionische Flussigkeiten erst in den letzten zehn Jahren intensiv als Losungsmittel fur die Ubergangsmetallkatalyse untersucht. Die seither erschienenen Veroffentlichungen belegen, dass der Ersatz organischer Losungsmittel durch eine ionische Flussigkeit zu bemerkenswerten Verbesserungen bekannter Verfahren fuhren kann: Mit vielen organischen Produktgemischen bilden ionische Flussigkeiten zwei Phasen. Daraus ergibt sich die Moglichkeit einer mehrphasigen Reaktionsfuhrung zur problemlosen Abtrennung homogener Katalysatoren. Auserdem haben ionische Flussigkeiten praktisch keinen Dampfdruck, was eine destillative Produktabtrennung stark vereinfacht. Daruber hinaus gibt es Hinweise, dass der Ubergang von einem „ublichen“ organischen Losungsmittel zu einer ionischen Flussigkeit zu einer neuartigen und ungewohnlichen chemischen Reaktivitat fuhren kann. Dies offnet ein weites Feld fur zukunftige Untersuchungen dieser neuartigen Losungsmittelklasse in katalytischen Anwendungen.

Ionische Flüssigkeiten - neue 'Lösungen' für die Übergangsmetallkatalyse

Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel by extraction with ionic liquids

ConspectusThe need to drastically reduce CO2 emissions will lead to the transformation of our current, carbon-based energy system to a more sustainable, renewable-based one. In this process, hydrogen will gain increasing importance as secondary energy vector. Energy storage requirements on the TWh scale (to bridge extended times of low wind and sun harvest) and global logistics of renewable energy equivalents will create additional driving forces toward a future hydrogen economy. However, the nature of hydrogen requires dedicated infrastructures, and this has prevented so far the introduction of elemental hydrogen into the energy sector to a large extent. Recent scientific and technological progress in handling hydrogen in chemically bound form as liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) supports the technological vision that a future hydrogen economy may work without handling large amounts of elemental hydrogen. LOHC systems are composed of pairs of hydrogen-lean and hydrogen-rich organic compounds that st...

Peter Wasserscheid

Papers

Ionic Liquids-New "Solutions" for Transition Metal Catalysis.

Ionic Liquids in Synthesis

Ionische Flüssigkeiten - neue 'Lösungen' für die Übergangsmetallkatalyse

Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel by extraction with ionic liquids

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs): Toward a Hydrogen-free Hydrogen Economy