The Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) is a standard for capturing business processes in the early phases of systems development. The mix of constructs found in BPMN makes it possible to create models with semantic errors. Such errors are especially serious, because errors in the early phases of systems development are among the most costly and hardest to correct. The ability to statically check the semantic correctness of models is thus a desirable feature for modelling tools based on BPMN. Accordingly, this paper proposes a mapping from BPMN to a formal language, namely Petri nets, for which efficient analysis techniques are available. The proposed mapping has been implemented as a tool that, in conjunction with existing Petri net-based tools, enables the static analysis of BPMN models. The formalisation also led to the identification of deficiencies in the BPMN standard specification.

/pdf/semantics-and-analysis-of-business-process-models-in-bpmn-1opylwzudv.pdf

Semantics and analysis of business process models in BPMN

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Software Product Line Engineering Foundations Principles And Techniques

Workflow nets, a particular class of Petri nets, have become one of the standard ways to model and analyze workflows. Typically, they are used as an abstraction of the workflow that is used to check the so-called soundness property. This property guarantees the absence of livelocks, deadlocks, and other anomalies that can be detected without domain knowledge. Several authors have proposed alternative notions of soundness and have suggested to use more expressive languages, e.g., models with cancellations or priorities. This paper provides an overview of the different notions of soundness and investigates these in the presence of different extensions of workflow nets. We will show that the eight soundness notions described in the literature are decidable for workflow nets. However, most extensions will make all of these notions undecidable. These new results show the theoretical limits of workflow verification. Moreover, we discuss some of the analysis approaches described in the literature.

/pdf/soundness-of-workflow-nets-classification-decidability-and-57tz9ytseq.pdf

Soundness of workflow nets: classification, decidability, and analysis

Soundness of workflow nets : classification, decidability, and analysis

This paper proposes the Internet of Things communication framework as the main enabler for distributed worldwide health care applications. Starting from the recent availability of wireless medical sensor prototypes and the growing diffusion of electronic health care record databases, we analyze the requirements of a unified communication framework. Our investigation takes the move by decomposing the storyline of a day in Robert's life, our unlucky character in the not so far future, into simple processes and their interactions. Subsequently, we devise the main communication requirements for those processes and for their integration in the Internet as web services. Finally, we present the Internet of Things protocol stack and the advantages it brings to health care scenarios in terms of the identified requirements.

/pdf/health-care-applications-a-solution-based-on-the-internet-of-3hto3299vj.pdf

Health care applications: a solution based on the internet of things

Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN), developed by the Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI), intends to bridge the gap between business process design and implementation. However, the specification of the notation does not include a formal semantics. This paper shows how a subset of the BPMN can be given a process semantics in Communicating Sequential Processes. Such a semantics allows developers to formally analyse and compare BPMN diagrams. A simple example of a business process is included to demonstrate the application of the semantics; some theoretical results about the semantics are briefly discussed.

/pdf/a-process-semantics-for-bpmn-27p80dtnqx.pdf

A Process Semantics for BPMN

https://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/jeremy.gibbons/publications/bpmn09.pdf

Formalisations and applications of BPMN

https://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/people/peter.wong/pub/foclasa2008.pdf

A Relative Timed Semantics for BPMN

This paper describes a process-algebraic approach to specification and refinement of workflow processes. In particular, we model both specification and implementation of workflows as CSP processes. CSP's behavioural models and their respective refinement relations not only enable us to prove correctness properties of an individual workflow process against its behavioural specification but also allows us to design and develop workflow processes compositionally. Moreover, coupled with CSP is an industrial strength automated model checker FDR, which allows behavioural properties of workflow models to be proved automatically. This paper details some CSP models of van der Aalst et al.'s control flow workflow patterns, and illustrates behavioural specification and refinement of workflow systems with a business process scenario.

A process-algebraic approach to workflow specification and refinement

We demonstrate by a case study of an industrial distributed system how performance, resource consumption, and deployment on the cloud can be formally modeled and analyzed using the abstract behavioral specification language Real-Time ABS. These non-functional aspects of the system are integrated with an existing formal model of the functional system behavior, achieving a separation of concerns between the functional and non-functional aspects in the integrated model. The resource costs associated with execution in the system depend on the size of local data structures, which evolve over time; we derive corresponding worst-case cost estimations by static analysis techniques and integrate them into our resource-sensitive model. The model is further parameterized with respect to deployment scenarios which capture different application-level management policies for virtualized resources. The model is validated against the existing system's performance characteristics and used to simulate, analyze, and compare deployment scenarios on the cloud.

Peter Y. H. Wong

Papers

A Process Semantics for BPMN

Formalisations and applications of BPMN

A Relative Timed Semantics for BPMN

A process-algebraic approach to workflow specification and refinement

Formal modeling and analysis of resource management for cloud architectures: an industrial case study using Real-Time ABS