Biological effects of essential oils - A review

Numerous studies have investigated the environmental occurrence, human exposure, and toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA). Following stringent regulations on the production and usage of BPA, several bisphenol analogues have been produced as a replacement for BPA in various applications. The present review outlines the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of bisphenol analogues (other than BPA) in the environment, consumer products and foodstuffs, human exposure and biomonitoring, and toxicity. Whereas BPA was still the major bisphenol analogue found in most environmental monitoring studies, BPF and BPS were also frequently detected. Elevated concentrations of BPAF, BPF, and BPS (i.e., similar to or greater than that of BPA) have been reported in the abiotic environment and human urine from some regions. Many analogues exhibit endocrine disrupting effects, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, dioxin-like effects, and neurotoxicity in laboratory studies. BPAF, BPB, BPF, and BPS have been show...

Bisphenol Analogues Other Than BPA: Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Toxicity-A Review.

Antioxidant activities of extracts from selected culinary herbs and spices

Essential oils: from extraction to encapsulation.

https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22454/3/SUPERCRITICAL%20FLUID%20EXTRACTION.pdf

Supercritical fluid extraction: Recent advances and applications

Phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities

Supercritical fluid extraction of chamomile flower heads was performed on semi continuous extraction apparatus in the lab scale using carbon dioxide as solvent. The results of high pressure experiments were compared with those obtained with Soxhlet extraction, steam distillation and maceration. The obtained extracts were analysed by HPLC on α-bisabolol, matricine and chamazulene content and by gravimetrical method on essential oil and waxes content. The highest content of active components in extracts and highest extraction yield were obtained using SFE at 250 bar and 40 °C. At this extraction conditions the two step separation was used to optimize the separation of essential oil from unwanted components. Dynamic behaviour of the SFE with single step separation runs were analysed using two mathematical models for describing the constant rate period and subsequent falling rate period. Based on the experimental data, external mass transfer coefficient, diffusion coefficient and diffusivity in solid phase were estimated. Results showed acceptable agreement of calculated and experimental data. Based on the parameters determined in the lab scale the extraction process was successfully transferred to pilot scale.

Supercritical fluid extraction of chamomile flower heads: Comparison with conventional extraction, kinetics and scale-up

Bioactivation of bisphenol A and its analogs (BPF, BPAF, BPZ and DMBPA) in human liver microsomes.

In the present work, high-pressure extraction of borage (Borago officinalis L.) and evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) seed oil, containing the valuable γ-linolenic acid (GLA), has been investigated. Extraction was performed with supercritical carbon dioxide on a semi-continuous flow apparatus at pressures of 200 and 300 bar, and at temperatures of 40 and 60 °C. A constant flow rate of carbon dioxide in the range from 0.17 to 0.20kg/h was maintained during extraction. The extraction yields obtained using dense CO 2 were similar to those obtained with conventional extraction using hexane as solvent. The composition of extracted crude oil was determined by GC analysis. The best results were obtained at 300 bar and 40 °C for both seed types extracted, where the quality of oil was highest with regard to GLA content. The evening primrose seed oil extracted with supercritical fluid extraction was particularly rich in unsaturated fatty acids: up to 89.7 wt-% of total free fatty acids in the oil. The dynamic behavior of the extraction runs was analyzed using two mathematical models for describing the constant rate period and the subsequent falling rate period. Based on the experimental data, external mass transfer coefficients, diffusion coefficients and diffusivity in solid phase were estimated. Results showed good agreement between calculated and experimental data.

Kinetics of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of borage and evening primrose seed oil

The solubilities of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in supercritical CO2 with a static-analytical method were determined at temperatures (313.15, 333.15, 353.15, and 373.15) K and over the pressure...

Petra Kotnik

Papers

Phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities

Supercritical fluid extraction of chamomile flower heads: Comparison with conventional extraction, kinetics and scale-up

Bioactivation of bisphenol A and its analogs (BPF, BPAF, BPZ and DMBPA) in human liver microsomes.

Kinetics of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of borage and evening primrose seed oil

Solubility of Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide in Carbon Dioxide at T = (313.15 to 373.15) K and p = (5 to 30) MPa: Experimental Data and Correlation