A granular flux suitable for submerged arc electric welding comprising particles of composite fluxing ingredients of the agglomerated or fused type combined with a halogenated polymer as a reducing agent for diffusible hydrogen in the resulting weld metal and a method of making this granular flux wherein the polymer is mixed with the flux particles and then heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the polymer and below the vaporization temperature of the polymer.

Submerged arc flux and method of making same

In a consumable welding element for depositing a weld metal bead onto a steel workpiece with the diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal being less than 2.0 ppm, the oxygen of the weld metal being less than 0.040% by weight and the yield strength of the weld metal being greater than about 85,000 psi, there is provided an improvement wherein the weld metal is a steel alloy including, as a percentage by weight of the weld metal, 0.03-0.09% carbon, 2.5-4.0% manganese, 0.01-0.05% titanium, silicon less than about 1.0%, nickel less than about 2.0%, and oxygen less than about 0.035%.

Weld metal alloy for high yield strength and method of depositing same

A low temperature steel weld metal and a flux cored wire for providing the same are provided which has improved toughness when assembling components by performing gas shielded arc welding of a low temperature steel. The weld metal comprises C: 0.04 to 0.08 % by mass, Si: 0.20 to 0.50 % by mass, Mn: 0.80 to 1.70 % by mass, Ti: 0.030 to 0.080 % by mass, Ni: 0.30 to 3.00 % by mass, Mo: 0.01 to 0.20 % by mass, B: 0.0020 to 0.0070 % by mass, O: 0.040 to 0.070 % by mass, Al: 0.01 % by mass or less, and the balance of Fe and incidental impurities. The following equation is satisfied: ([C]×[Mn]×[Ti])/([Si]×[O]) = 0.20 to 0. 60, where [C] , [Mn] , [Ti] , [Si], and [O] represent contents of C, Mn, Ti, Si, and O, respectively. This can prevent occurence of ferrite side plates at the prior austenite grain boundary in the columnar structure of the weld metal, resulting in improved low temperature toughness. A titania-based flux cored wire for all position welding is also disclosed.

Low alloy steel weld metal and flux cored wire

A process for both-side single layer, high speed submerged arc welding of steel plate for use in low-temperature applications having a particular chemical composition with a welding flux and welding wire is disclosed. The welding flux comprises 20 to 30 wt % of SiO 2 , less than 25 wt % of at least one of TiO 2 and ZrO 2 , 10 to 20 wt % of CaO, less than 10 wt % of at least one of MnO and MgO, not more than 10 wt % of Al 2 O 3 and 20 to 40 wt % in total of CaF 2 and BaO each being not more than 20 wt %, wherein a total content of acidic components (SiO 2 %+TiO 2 %+ZrO 2 %) is 30 to 45 wt %, a total content of basic components (CaO %+MgO %+MnO %) is 20 to 30 wt % and a weight ratio of the total content of basic components to the total content of acidic components is within a range of 0.5 to 0.8; said these components being compounded so that a surface tension F of slag is not more than 450 dyne/cm as calculated from the following equation (1): F=285×[SiO.sub.2 ]+380×[TiO.sub.2 ]+470×[ZrO.sub.2 9 +640×[Al 2 O 3 ]+653×[MnO]+512×[MgO]+ 602×[CaO]+400×[CaF 2 ]+366×[BaO] (1) wherein a parenthesis represents a mol fraction of each component. The welding wire is composed of a steel wire containing up to 0.10 wt % of carbon, up to 0.4 wt % of silicon, 1.0 to 2.5 wt % of manganese, 0.015 to 0.05 wt % of aluminum, not more than 0.008 wt % of nitrogen, 0.10 to 0.18 wt % to titanium and 0.01 to 0.02 wt % of boron. The welding flux and welding wire are used in combination with each other so that a carbon equivalent C E of the resulting weld metal is 0.35 to 0.43% as calculated from the following equation (2): C.sub.E (%)=C(%)+1/24Si(%)+1/6Mn(%)+1/4Mo(%) +1/5Cr(%)+1/40Ni(%)+1/14V(%) (2) to thereby obtain a weld metal containing not more than 0.008 wt % of nitrogen, 0.025 to 0.035 wt % of oxygen, 0.0015 to 0.0030 wt % of boron, 0.015 to 0.030 wt % of titanium and 0.010 to 0.030 wt % of aluminum and having a high low-temperature toughness without weld defects.

Both-side single layer, high speed submerged arc welding process

Disclosed herein is a niobium-containing weldable structural steel having good weldability which consists of 0.005-0.04% of C, 0.01-0.50% of Si, 1.20-2.50% of Mn, 0.01-0.07% of Nb, 0.005-0.030% of Ti, 0.005-0.06% of Al and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities whereby [C(%)+1ON(%)] is not greater than 0.10% and Ti(%)/[C(%)+1ON(%)] is from 0.05 to 0.60 in order to restrict the amount of martensite islands in the weld heat affected zone to not greater than 15% in terms of the area fraction.

Niobium-containing weldable structural steel having good weldability

A steel which contains up to 0.15% carbon, 0.5 to 1.5% manganese, 0.03 to 0.10% silicon, less than 0.2% molybdenum, up to 0.05 aluminum, 0.03 to 0.05% titanium and 0.002 to 0.008% boron is particularly suitable as a welding consumable, for example as an electrode for the submerged arc welding of high strength micro-alloyed structural steels. Especially when used with a basic flux, welds can be produced showing excellent notch toughness characteristics.

Philip R. Kirkwood

Papers

Welding, a steel suitable for use therein