Estimates of the amount of water outgassed from Mars, based on the composition of the atmosphere, range from 6 to 160 m, as compared with 3 km for the Earth. In contrast, large flood features, valley networks, and several indicators of ground ice suggest that at least 500 m of water have outgassed. The two sets of estimates may be reconciled if early in its history, Mars lost part of its atmosphere by impact erosion and hydrodynamic escape.

Water on Mars

http://maghaleh2012.persiangig.com/document/hasan/htb3.pdf

Laminar burning velocity and Markstein lengths of methane–air mixtures

computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Computational Fluid Mechanics And Heat Transfer

Turbulent flame speed and thickness: phenomenology, evaluation, and application in multi-dimensional simulations

Rotating detonation engines (RDEs), also known as continuous detonation engines, have gained much worldwide interest lately. Such engines have huge potential benefits arising from their simplicity of design and manufacture, lack of moving parts, high thermodynamic efficiency and high rate of energy conversion that may be even more superior than pulse detonation engines, themselves the subject of great interest. However, due to the novelty of the concept, substantial work remains to demonstrate feasibility and bring the RDE to reality. An assessment of the challenges, ranging from understanding basic physics through utilizing rotating detonations in aerospace platforms, is provided.

https://arc.uta.edu/publications/cp_files/AIAA%202011-6043%20Rotating%20detonation%20wave%20propulsion%20experimental%20challenges,%20modeling,%20and%20engine%20concepts%20(invited).pdf

Rotating detonation wave propulsion: Experimental challenges, modeling, and engine concepts

Studying of ignition, combustion and detonation processes in dusty gases is presented. The dusty gas is considered as a two-continuum medium with taking into account transport effects in the phases and non-equilibrium chemical reactions. Two-dimensional problems of ignition and detonation developing in a plane gallery caused by a supersonic inflow stream and heating of the closed end of the gallery are studied with the analytical mediod of catastrophe and two finite-difTerence numerical methods.

On Ignition and Unsteady Flows of Dusty Gases with Combustion Reactions

The deflagration to detonation transition process as well as the structure of detonation were studied in vertical tubes for organic dust-oxygen mixtures (wood dust, brown and black coal dusts). Two vertioal tubes were used: one with rectangular cross-section of 0.05 m and with the length of 3.2 m and the other with circular oross-section of 0.08 m and the length of 4.5 m. Weak initiation souroes, i.e. exploding wire, weak eleotric arc or electrical fuse heads were applied. It was found that transition to detonation was gradual for all mixtures. In some cases, however, the ignition spots were visible ahead of original flame front. Retonation waves were not observed. Recorded detonation velocities are within the range of 1550 m/s to 2160 m/s. The detonation structure was examined by means of pressure measurements, recording of the radiation emission in three different wavelengths and by direct streak photography. It was found that a few pressure peaks were usually present in the detonation front; the distanoe between the leading shock and C - J plane varied from 5 cm to 15 cm and the mаximum temperature did not exceed 2900 K. In the case of highly reacting brown coal dust sticking initially to the tube walls, the quasi-detonation combustion was also observed.

https://papers.itc.pw.edu.pl/index.php/JPT/article/view/128/226

Detonation structure of organic dusts-oxygen mixtures

Modifications of Martian ice-saturated regolith due to meteoroid impact

Flame visualizations in a cylindrical chamber by means of electrical capacitance tomography (ECT)

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a detonation engine simplifying structure of whole engine and providing continuous output. SOLUTION: This detonation engine 10 producing propulsion force by generating detonation wave is provided with a swirl generation means 13 generating swirl of mixture of atmospheric air and fuel or mixture of oxygen and fuel around axial line, a detonation chamber 14 arranged in a downstream of the swirl generation device 13 and formed in a ring shape extending in a radial direction and connecting in a circumference direction and burning mixture of which swirl is generated by the swirl generation means 13 continuously in a circumference direction to generate detonation wave and sucking air from a radial direction inside and discharging air to a radial direction outside, and a nozzle 15 connected to the detonation chamber 14 and jetting high temperature and high pressure combustion gas generated by detonation wave made flow out of the detonation chamber 14 backward while the same is being expanded to convert the same to propulsion force. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Piotr Wolanski

Papers

On Ignition and Unsteady Flows of Dusty Gases with Combustion Reactions

Detonation structure of organic dusts-oxygen mixtures

Modifications of Martian ice-saturated regolith due to meteoroid impact

Flame visualizations in a cylindrical chamber by means of electrical capacitance tomography (ECT)

Detonation engine and flight vehicle equipped with the same