https://ciptaindomedica.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/antimicrobial-herb-and-spice-compounds-in-food.pdf

Antimicrobial herb and spice compounds in food.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an inorganic compound widely used in everyday applications. ZnO is currently listed as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) material by the Food and Drug Administration and is used as food additive. The advent of nanotechnology has led the development of materials with new properties for use as antimicrobial agents. Thus, ZnO in nanoscale has shown antimicrobial properties and potential applications in food preservation. ZnO nanoparticles have been incorporated in polymeric matrices in order to provide antimicrobial activity to the packaging material and improve packaging properties. This review presents the main synthesis methods of ZnO nanoparticles, principal characteristics and mechanisms of antimicrobial action as well as the effect of their incorporation in polymeric matrices. Safety issues such as exposure routes and migration studies are also discussed.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Food Packaging Applications

Eucalyptus essential oil as a natural pesticide

Effect of chitosan coating combined with postharvest calcium treatment on strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) quality during refrigerated storage.

Effects of edible chitosan coating on quality and shelf life of sliced mango fruit

Exploitation of natural products as an alternative strategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruit and vegetables

During screening of twenty six essential oils against Botrytis cinerea, the essential oils of the ten plants viz. Chenopodium ambrosioides, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eupatorium cannabinum, Lawsonia inermis, Ocimum canum, O. gratissimum, O. sanctum, Prunus persica, Zingiber cassumunar and Z. officinale were found to exhibit absolute fungitoxic activity (100% growth inhibition). The essential oils of O. sanctum, P. persica and Z. officinale were selected for further investigation because these oils showed lower Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) as compared to the other fungitoxic oils. The selected oils were subsequently standardized through physico-chemical and fungitoxic properties. The MIC values of O. sanctum, P. persica and Z. officinale were found to be 200, 100 and 100 ppm (mg/l) respectively. The oils showed fungistatic nature at their respective MIC. The oils were thermostable, and exhibited a wide range of fungitoxicity against 15 other post-harvest fungal pathogens. The oils had the potency to withstand high inoculum density. The antifungal potency of oils was found to be greater in comparison to some prevalent synthetic fungicides. Practical applicability of the essential oils was observed in control of grey mould of grapes caused by B. cinerea during storage. The O. sanctum- and P. persica-oil-treated grapes showed enhancement of storage life up to 5 and 4 days respectively. The storage life of Z. officinale-oil-treated grapes was found to be enhanced up to 6 days. The oils did not exhibit any phytotoxic effect on the fruit peel. Therefore, the oils could be recommended as a potential source of ecofriendly botanical fungicide, after long term and wide ranging trials.

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Use of some essential oils as post-harvest botanical fungicides in the management of grey mould of grapes caused by Botrytis cinerea

During screening of some essential oils against Penicillium italicum, the oils of Mentha arvensis, Ocimum canum and Zingiber officinale were found to exhibit absolute fungitoxic activity against the test fungus. The oils were subsequently standardized through physico-chemical and fungitoxic properties. Practical applicability of the essential oils was observed in control of blue mould rot of oranges and lime fruits caused by P. italicum during storage. The Mentha oil-treated oranges and lime fruits showed enhancement of storage life of 6 and 8 days, respectively. The storage life of Ocimum oil-treated oranges and lime fruits was found to be enhanced by 6 days while in the case of Zingiber oil, it was 4 and 8 days enhancement of shelf life of oranges and lime fruits, respectively.

Evaluation of some essential oils as botanical fungitoxicants in management of post-harvest rotting of citrus fruits

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have demonstrated its importance in agriculture globally including beneficial dynamics change in plant rhizosphere leading better tolerance towards abiotic stresses. Hundred and one bacterial cultures from sugarcane rhizosphere zone of > 50 years of sugarcane growing fields were isolated using standard protocols and were further subjected to in vitro screening to visualize their impact on plant growth. Of these, two cultures based on biochemical test and 16S rRNA gene sequences were classified as Bacillus subtilis (BSSC11) and Bacillus megaterium (BMSE7). Sugarcane settlings exposed to these strains exhibited more nutrient content, improved growth in terms of early sprouting, increased vigor (high shoot and root weight) and better antioxidant enzyme system ability including quantitative overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms over controls. Treated cane seed (setts) with B. megaterium culture exhibited high expression of invertase genes which facilitated early and improved growth of settlings through increased inversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose. When these settlings were exposed to drought, a significant decrease in SOD enzyme activity and increase in proline content was observed especially in B. megaterium-exposed samples indicating less generation of free radicals in inoculated than those of non-inoculated samples where SOD activity increased significantly. This is apparently a first study of PGPRs isolated from continuous growing sugarcane fields on the growth and vigor of sugarcane settlings in vivo and further hypothesized that a multiple chain of events is involved in imparting better crop growth of PGPR-exposed settlings both under normal and stress conditions.

Isolation and molecular characterization of plant growth-promoting Bacillus spp. and their impact on sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) growth and tolerance towards drought stress

Pramila Tripathi

Papers

Exploitation of natural products as an alternative strategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruit and vegetables

Use of some essential oils as post-harvest botanical fungicides in the management of grey mould of grapes caused by Botrytis cinerea

Evaluation of some essential oils as botanical fungitoxicants in management of post-harvest rotting of citrus fruits

Isolation and molecular characterization of plant growth-promoting Bacillus spp. and their impact on sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) growth and tolerance towards drought stress

Prospects of some essential oils as antifungal agents.