Biodiesel is a recognized replacement for diesel fuel in compressed ignition engines due to its significant environmental benefits. The purpose of this study is to investigate the engine performance and emissions produced from Jatropha curcas, Ceiba pentandra and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in compressed ignition engine. The biodiesel production process and properties are discussed and a comparison of the three biodiesels as well as diesel fuel is undertaken. After that, engine performance and emissions testing was conducted using biodiesel blends 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% in a diesel engine at full throttle load. The engine performance shows that those biodiesel blends are suitable for use in diesel engines. A 10% biodiesel blend shows the best engine performance in terms of engine torque, engine power, fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency among the all blending ratios for the three biodiesel blends. Biodiesel blends have also shown a significant reduction in CO2, CO and smoke opacity with a slight increase in NOx emissions.

(Energy, SCI-Q1, Top 10%) - Engine performance and emissions using Jatropha curcas, Ceiba pentandra and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in a CI diesel engine

Synthesis of graphene oxide nanoparticles and the influences of their usage as fuel additives on CI engine behaviors

Multivariate analysis of nano additives on biodiesel fuelled engine characteristics

Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and alumina nano-additives in a light duty diesel engine fuelled with schleichera oleosa biodiesel blends

Considering the rapid decline in the amount of fossil fuels and the large quantities of emissions they release into the atmosphere, which are responsible for global warming, researchers are looking for alternative sources of energy. Biodiesel is an alternative source that is suitable for use as an alternative to diesel and can result in a reduction in the level of pollutants released. It has been observed that trans-esterified cooking oil can be combusted in an internal combustion engine like different biofuels with no major adjustments. Recent studies have proved that with the addition of nanoadditives, the performance and emissions have a very good impact on the environment. In the present experimental study, trans-esterified vegetable oil was used as biodiesel, along with the addition of nanoadditives (alumina) to diesel, and the outcomes were compared with baseline diesel operation. The nanoadditive was blended in the fuel mixture alongside an appropriate surfactant. Various blends were made and used for this investigation. Performance, emission and combustion parameters were studied using a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine at various loads, keeping a constant compression ratio of 18. Due to the availability of oxygen in the biodiesel and the better blending capacities of the nanoparticles, it was observed that there was a reduction in the opacity, CO and HC emissions; however, there was a small increment in NOx. It was also observed that the specific fuel consumption decreased with the increase in in-cylinder pressures. The outcomes showed that the addition of alumina in the diesel-biodiesel mixture has a positive overall effect on the environment.

Effective utilisation of waste cooking oil in a single-cylinder diesel engine using alumina nanoparticles

Super-duplex stainless steel (SDSS) is a class of materials that possess excellent mechanical properties with enhanced corrosion resistance. Given the presence of several alloying elements and the existence of a two-phase microstructure, it can be argued that it is one of the few materials that are difficult to machine. Therefore, the present study attempts to establish an improved understanding of the state-of-the-art development in insert coatings capable of providing excellent tribological and thermal resistance properties. In this work, monolayers of AlTiN and AlCrN are PVD coated on commercial carbide inserts so as to compare and contrast the performance of nitride coatings in the dry turning of SDSS. This study evaluates the machining performance in terms of tool wear, chip characteristics, tool life and surface finish. The coated surfaces were observed through optical microscope, profilometers, scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to evaluate the morphological changes. The results of the work indicate that machining with PVD-coated AlTiN insert showed longer tool life, better surface finish and smaller chip thickness when compared to AlCrN-coated and uncoated inserts at low to moderate cutting speeds. The dominant wear mechanism was found to be adhesion, where during turning long continuous chips were formed for uncoated inserts and small segmented chips were formed for coated inserts at different machining parameters. Contrarily, the study also purportedly explores the improved performance of AlCrN-coated inserts over AlTiN-coated inserts at high cutting speed.

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Pranay Kumar Parsi

Papers

Effective utilisation of waste cooking oil in a single-cylinder diesel engine using alumina nanoparticles

Machinability evaluation of coated carbide inserts in turning of super-duplex stainless steel