The world is rapidly adopting renewable energy alternatives at a remarkable rate to address the ever-increasing environmental crisis of CO2 emissions. Renewable Energy Systems (RES) offers enormous potential to decarbonize the environment because they produce no greenhouse gases or other polluting emissions. However, the RES relies on natural resources for energy generation, such as sunlight, wind, water, geothermal, which are generally unpredictable and reliant on weather, season, and year. To account for these intermittencies, renewable energy can be stored using various techniques and then used in a consistent and controlled manner as needed. Several researchers from around the world have made substantial contributions over the last century to developing novel methods of energy storage that are efficient enough to meet increasing energy demand and technological breakthroughs. This review attempts to provide a critical review of the advancements in the Energy Storage System (ESS) from 1850–2022, including its evolution, classification, operating principles and comparison. 

Energy storage systems: A review

A review on worldwide underground hydrogen storage operating and potential fields

A review of hydrogen/rock/brine interaction: Implications for Hydrogen Geo-storage

Power-to-hydrogen and hydrogen-to-X energy systems for the industry of the future in Europe

Hydrogen storage in depleted gas reservoirs: A comprehensive review

Underground Hydrogen Storage can be proven very beneficial for recurring supply of clean energy throughout the world. This paper reviews different challenges like microbial growth, well integrity, and geochemical reactions faced when hydrogen is stored in subsurface. The mechanisms involved in underground hydrogen storage, monitoring techniques and optimization of injection-withdrawal techniques are also analysed by incorporating both field and laboratory research studies. If the economics of any technology is not taken into account, it will not be deemed as a common technique. Keeping that in mind, the road map for the implementation and economic aspects of hydrogen storage are discussed. Lastly, conclusions and recommendations for future research are presented. 

Prathamesh Patange

Papers

A comprehensive review of the mechanisms and efficiency of underground hydrogen storage