\nPurpose\nInternet of Things (IoT) is an up-and-coming conception that intends to link multiple devices with each other. The aim of this study is to provide a significant analysis of Green IoT. The IoT devices sense, gather and send out significant data from their ambiance. This exchange of huge data among billions of devices demands enormous energy. Green IoT visualizes the concept of minimizing the energy consumption of IoT devices and keeping the environment safe.\n\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nThis paper attempts to analyze diverse techniques associated with energy-efficient protocols in green IoT pertaining to machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Here, it reviews 73 research papers and states a significant analysis. Initially, the analysis focuses on different contributions related to green energy constraints, especially energy efficiency, and different hierarchical routing protocols. Moreover, the contributions of different optimization algorithms in different state-of-the-art works are also observed and reviewed. Later the performance measures computed in entire contributions along with the energy constraints are also checked to validate the effectiveness of entire contributions. As the number of contributions to energy-efficient protocols in IoT is low, the research gap will focus on the development of intelligent energy-efficient protocols to build up green IoT.\n\n\nFindings\nThe analysis was mainly focused on the green energy constraints and the different robust protocols and also gives information on a few powerful optimization algorithms. The parameters considered by the previous research works for improving the performance were also analyzed in this paper to get an idea for future works. Finally, the paper gives some brief description of the research gaps and challenges for future consideration that helps during the development of an energy-efficient green IoT pertaining to M2M communication.\n\n\nOriginality/value\nTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that reviews 65 research papers and states the significant analysis of green IoT.\n

Research perspective on energy-efficient protocols in IoT: Emerging development of green IoT

In Machine-to-Machine (M2M) methods, there may have number of devices to communicate with the base stations (BSs) parallely and constantly. In this manner, there is need to have efficient solution for energy efficiency and quality of service (QoS) efficiency performances in M2M networks. This can be possible by designing the algorithms for MAC protocol. This project is presenting the novel energy harvesting algorithm for MAC protocol with a specific end goal to achieve the improved throughput and delay performances. In proposed MAC protocol, different wireless nodes initially harvest their energy adaptively and then involved in the processing of information transmission to minimize the delay and optimize the throughput. The main contribution while designing MAC protocol is use of dual sensing method to improve the throughput, delay and energy efficiency performances. This approach identifies the deafness, takes care of the concealed terminal issue and keeps the pointless hindering in M2M correspondences.

Pratiksha Kamble

Papers

An Efficient MAC Protocol for Machine-to-Machine Networks Using Dual Sensing Strategy