Tourism in Tunisia generates large amounts of solid waste, especially during the summer, and doubles the amount in most big tourism cities like Hammamet, which makes its management more complicated. Municipalities lack the financial means to ensure sustainable solid waste management (SWM) in tourist areas and need an intervention from all actors to reduce financial and technical pressures and implement sustainable solutions. This paper presents a descriptive research method that focuses on an analysis of the current SWM concept in tourism areas in Tunisia and proposes new sustainable organizational and financial models. These are based on the collaboration of different stakeholders at both national and local levels; and supported by extending the responsibility of the producer through the creation of a new system operator to take charge of the organization and financing of packaging disposal and recycling activities. In addition, the extension of the recovered material for recycling through extended producer responsibility (EPR) could support the system. The performance of current SWM shows that it has failed to ensure the cleanliness of tourism destinations is sustainable. Tunisia generates 2.8 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW), between 20% to 30% of which are recyclable materials. The current system for packaging in Tunisia (ECO-Lef) only collected 3400 tons in 2018 compared to 15,800 tons in 2010, and the total recycling rate in the country does not exceed 5%, which makes the waste management system inefficient and unsustainable. Proposed solutions should be supported by legal and technical interventions, such as waste prevention, minimization, sorting at source, and the provision of education programs for citizens and tourism establishments.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/13/3591/pdf

Shifting Towards Sustainable Tourism: Organizational and Financial Scenarios for Solid Waste Management in Tourism Destinations in Tunisia

The rapid increase in consumption of electronic devices, coupled with the low development of effective regulatory frameworks, the missing engagement of the stakeholders, as well as the lack of awareness of consumers and widespread informal recycling activities have been identified as the main challenges for a sustainable management of Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment WEEE or E-waste in developing countries. To tackle this situation, policymakers often take a simplistic approach focusing only on technical and economic aspects, while overlooking the interests of all stakeholders and the causality of the phenomenon. In contrast, many developed countries have implemented legislation incorporating the principle of extended producer responsibility, which requires a firm engagement of relevant actors to achieve effective cooperation. This chapter describes a systemic design methodology which ensures high-level involvement of all pertinent actors. It was successfully applied for the development of the national policy for WEEE management in Colombia (2014–16) and for identifying solutions shaped in a participatory process in Ecuador (2018).

Improving sustainability of E-waste management through the systemic design of solutions: the cases of Colombia and Ecuador

The waste of electrical and electronic equipment pose an environmental and human health challenge for some developing countries, including Ghana. Despite such challenges, it contributes to job creation and income generation if properly collected and processed. This type of waste may contain precious minerals including gold and mercury. However, the processing of such waste is dominated by the informal sector. Due to the availability of finance, they resort to unhealthy such as burning and crushing as a means of processing this waste, thereby, exposing themselves and the environment to poisonous metals and substances. To curtail the problems created by this waste, the government proposed the establishment of a fund to enable the country secure the needed capital to deal with this waste problem. The paper uses documentary review to assess the proposed government approach to funding of this waste. It proposes an alternative model of financing of this waste. It recommends, among other things, the need to promote the sector as a business venture and encourage the participation of private, public, foreign and domestic investment. The said investment is expected to promote the acquisition of the needed technology to manage e-waste. Policy Article Agyapong; AJEBA, 2(1): 1-14, 2017; Article no.AJEBA.31409 2

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Alternatives for Financing Waste Management: Implications for Ghana’s Growing Electronic and Electrical Equipment Waste

Green Manufacturing is a production process that uses input with a relatively low environmental impact and produce little or no waste or pollution. Application of green manufacturing in the production process of plastic packaging beverage bottles through several stages of the coloring process, preparation of cleaning, repair environmentally friendly, and environmentally friendly conditions. Delivery bottle plastic packaging to the manufacturer for recycling reaches ± 2-3 tons in one shipping every week. Delivery is done three times a month, so that averaged reach 8-12 tons per month for waste bottles of all brands. The purpose of this research are: 1) Knowing the positive influence between staining with cleansing preparation, 2) Knowing the positive influence between the preparation of cleaning with environmentally friendly improvements, 3) Knowing the positive effect between environmentally friendly improvements to the condition of eco-friendly, 4) Knowing the positive influence between staining with environmentally friendly conditions. This study used a survey method using data analysis Partial Least Square (PLS). Results of this research are: 1) Variable staining and no significant positive effect on the variable cleansing preparation 2) Variable cleaning preparations positive and significant impact on the improvement of environment-friendly 3) Variable environmentally friendly improvements and significant positive effect on the condition of environment-friendly. 4) Variable staining and no significant positive effect on the condition of environment-friendly.

https://jemis.ub.ac.id/index.php/jemis/article/download/158/168

Penerapan konsep green manufacturing pada botol minuman kemasan plastik

Canned fish waste is a serious problem that must be addressed, because it can cause environmental pollutions. Alternative approach to Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) with the concept of green manufacturing and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an alternative solution for these problems. The method used in this study is a survey method using data analysis Partial Least Square (PLS). Variables of the study include green manufacturing, CSR, collection of recyclables, recyclables processing, and cost EPR. The results showed a significant effect relationship towards green manufacturing at collection of recyclables, CSR significantly affects the collection of recyclables and not significant effect on recyclables processing, collection of recyclables significant effect on the recyclables processing as well as the cost EPR, and the recyclables processing significant effect on the cost EPR.

Alternative model extended producer responsibility waste products of fish canning industry the concept of green manufacturing and corporate social responsibility.

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Papers

Alternative model extended producer responsibility waste products of fish canning industry the concept of green manufacturing and corporate social responsibility.

Policy of Extended Producer Responsibility (case study).