A review on the adsorption of heavy metals by clay minerals, with special focus on the past decade

Using data mining to model and interpret soil diffuse reflectance spectra.

This study demonstrates the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic characterization of natural kaolinite from north-eastern India. The compositional and structural studies were carried out at room temperature by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), electron microprobe (EPMA) analyses and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. The main peaks in the infrared spectra reflected Al-OH, Al-O and Si-O functional groups in the high frequency stretching and low frequency bending modes. Few peaks of infrared spectra inferred to the interference peaks for quartz as associated minerals. The present study demonstrates usefulness of the spectroscopic techniques in determining quality and crystalline nature of kaolinite from the Assam and Meghalaya, northeastern India.

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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Kaolinite from Assam and Meghalaya, Northeastern India

Pozzolanic reactivity of low grade kaolinitic clays: Influence of calcination temperature and impact of calcination products on OPC hydration

Contemporary soil, agronomic, and environmental investigations require high quality data for the development of sound management decisions. For years, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has been known to provide accurate elemental data in a wide range of matrices. However, advances in the past two decades have now made the technology portable. Improvements to spectrometer design have led to the replacement of many active source X-ray units with X-ray tubes that only emit X-rays when energized. Several generations of detector improvement have resulted in the current standard for many units, the silicon drift detector, which is capable of much lower limits of detection than its predecessors. Field portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometers offer many advantages over traditional techniques including speed, portability, wide dynamic range of elemental quantification, little/no need for sample pretreatment, and simplicity. Furthermore, PXRF analyses are nondestructive, allowing for analyzed samples to be preserved for future use. This review presents an overview of the development, operational theory, and contemporary uses of PXRF. Also, benefits and limitations to PXRF use are presented. Many industrial uses are covered, but deference is paid to rapidly advancing environmental, pedological, and agronomic applications of PXRF. Summarily, PXRF offers a range of benefits not possible with traditional laboratory techniques.

Advances in Portable X-ray Fluorescence (PXRF) for Environmental, Pedological, and Agronomic Applications

Instrumental characterizations of the clay were performed by different techniques such as XRF, XRD and FTIR. XRF shows the chemical compositions of the clay where Al-oxide and silica oxide are present in major quantity whereas XRD confirms the presence of these minerals in clay. FTIR studies show the presence of quartz, alumina, haematite and different mineral matters.

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Preeti Sagar Nayak

Papers

Instrumental characterization of clay by XRF, XRD and FTIR