Puchun Liu

TL;DR: It is suggested that ethanol (< 50%) may work as an effective ‘fluidizing’ agent at some locus in the stratum corneum lipid bilayer at or near the polar head plane, but not in the bilayer hydrocarbon interiors.

TL;DR: The model demonstrates that ethanol enhances the stratum corneum transport of estradiol and of itself by increasing the respective diffusion coefficients at lower concentrations (<50%) and by both increasing the diffusion coefficients and decreasing the membrane activity coefficients at moderate concentrations (50 to 75%).

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of binary vehicles of isopropyl myristate (IPM) and short-chain alkanols on the enhancement of skin permeation of estradiol (E 2 ) was studied in vitro using human epidermal membrane.

TL;DR: Phenoxy carboxylic acid compounds and compositions for the delivery of active agents are provided in this paper, with methods of administration and preparation as well as methods of preparation and administration.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the cutaneous microvasculature is not always a perfect "sink" and that transdermal iontophoresis facilitated the direct penetration of diclofenac sodium to deeper tissues.