In addition to mutations or aberrant expression in the protein-coding genes, mutations and misregulation of noncoding RNAs, in particular long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), appear to play major roles in cancer. Genome-wide association studies of tumor samples have identified a large number of lncRNAs associated with various types of cancer. Alterations in lncRNA expression and their mutations promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. LncRNAs may exhibit tumor-suppressive and -promoting (oncogenic) functions. Because of their genome-wide expression patterns in a variety of tissues and their tissue-specific expression characteristics, lncRNAs hold strong promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. In this article, we have reviewed the emerging functions and association of lncRNAs in different types of cancer and discussed their potential implications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Res; 77(15); 3965-81. ©2017 AACR.

/pdf/long-noncoding-rna-and-cancer-a-new-paradigm-29nsfrlmw7.pdf

Long Noncoding RNA and Cancer: A New Paradigm.

Обнаружение транспортных средств на изображениях загородных шоссе на основе метода Single shot multibox Detector

With the advent of next generation sequencing methods and progress in transcriptome analysis, it became obvious that the human genome contains much more than just protein-coding genes. In fact, up to 70% of our genome is transcribed into RNA that does not serve as templates for proteins. In this review, we focus on the emerging roles of these long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the field of tumor biology. Long ncRNAs were found to be deregulated in several human cancers and show tissue-specific expression. Functional studies revealed a broad spectrum of mechanisms applied by lncRNAs such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, ANRIL or lincRNA-p21 to fulfill their functions. Here, we link the cellular processes influenced by long ncRNAs to the hallmarks of cancer and therefore provide an ncRNA point-of-view on tumor biology. This should stimulate new research directions and therapeutic options considering long ncRNAs as novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/rna.20481

The hallmarks of cancer: a long non-coding RNA point of view.

LncRNA: a link between RNA and cancer.

Accumulating evidence indicates that the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR plays a critical role in cancer progression and metastasis However, the overall biological role and clinical significance of HOTAIR in gastric carcinogenesis remains largely unknown HOTAIR expression was measured in 78 paired cancerous and noncancerous tissue samples by real-time PCR The effects of HOTAIR on gastric cancer cells were studied by overexpression and RNA interference approaches in vitro and in vivo Insights of the mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were gained from bioinformatic analysis, luciferase assays and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) The positive HOTAIR/HER2 interaction was identified and verified by immunohistochemistry assay and bivariate correlation analysis HOTAIR upregulation was associated with larger tumor size, advanced pathological stage and extensive metastasis, and also correlated with shorter overall survival of gastric cancer patients Furthermore, HOTAIR overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells, while HOTAIR depletion inhibited both cell invasion and cell viability, and induced growth arrest in vitro and in vivo In particular, HOTAIR may act as a ceRNA, effectively becoming a sink for miR-331-3p, thereby modulating the derepression of HER2 and imposing an additional level of post-transcriptional regulation Finally, the positive HOTAIR/HER2 correlation was significantly associated with advanced gastric cancers HOTAIR overexpression represents a biomarker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer, and may confer malignant phenotype to tumor cells The ceRNA regulatory network involving HOTAIR and the positive interaction between HOTAIR and HER2 may contribute to a better understanding of gastric cancer pathogenesis and facilitate the development of lncRNA-directed diagnostics and therapeutics against this disease

/pdf/lnc-rna-hotair-functions-as-a-competing-endogenous-rna-to-w80rusxr4g.pdf

Lnc RNA HOTAIR functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate HER2 expression by sponging miR-331-3p in gastric cancer

Increasing evidence suggests that large intervening non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) regulate key pathways in cancer invasion and metastasis. In this observational retrospective study, the expression of the oncogenic lincRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) gene was measured in 63 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatic resection. The HOTAIR gene was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumour tissues. Patients with high HOTAIR gene expression in their tumours had an increased risk of recurrence after hepatectomy. There was also a significant correlation between HOTAIR expression and lymph node metastasis. In vitro assays in the HCC cell line Bel7402 demonstrated that knockdown of HOTAIR lincRNA reduced cell proliferation and was associated with reductions in levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor protein, which are important for cell motility and metastasis. In conclusion, HOTAIR lincRNA might be a potential bioma...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/147323001103900608

Large Intervening Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR is Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression

The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microbes is becoming an imminent global public health problem. Local application of antibiotics might be a solution. In local application, materials need to act as the drug delivery system. The drug delivery system should be biodegradable and prolonged antibacterial effect should be provided to satisfy clinical demand. Hydrogel is a promising material for local antibacterial application. Hydrogel refers to a kind of biomaterial synthesized by a water-soluble natural polymer or a synthesized polymer, which turns into gel according to the change in different signals such as temperature, ionic strength, pH, ultraviolet exposure etc. Because of its high hydrophilicity, unique three-dimensional network, fine biocompatibility and cell adhesion, hydrogel is one of the suitable biomaterials for drug delivery in antimicrobial areas. In this review, studies from the past 5 years were reviewed, and several types of antimicrobial hydrogels according to different ingredients, different preparations, different antimicrobial mechanisms, different antimicrobial agents they contained and different applications, were summarized. The hydrogels loaded with metal nanoparticles as a potential method to solve antibiotic resistance were highlighted. Finally, future prospects of development and application of antimicrobial hydrogels are suggested.

/pdf/antimicrobial-hydrogels-promising-materials-for-medical-100hs4zczf.pdf

Antimicrobial hydrogels: promising materials for medical application.

Auxiliary diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip by automated detection of Sharp's angle on standardized anteroposterior pelvic radiographs.

Significant inherent extra-articular varus angulation is associated with abnormal postoperative hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle. At present, HKA is manually measured by orthopedic surgeons and it increases the doctors’ workload. To automatically determine HKA, a deep learning-based automated method for measuring HKA on the unilateral lower limb X-rays was developed and validated. This study retrospectively selected 398 double lower limbs X-rays during 2018 and 2020 from Jilin University Second Hospital. The images (n = 398) were cropped into unilateral lower limb images (n = 796). The deep neural network was used to segment the head of hip, the knee, and the ankle in the same image, respectively. Then, the mean square error of distance between each internal point of each organ and the organ’s boundary was calculated. The point with the minimum mean square error was set as the central point of the organ. HKA was determined using the coordinates of three organs’ central points according to the law of cosines. In a quantitative analysis, HKA was measured manually by three orthopedic surgeons with a high consistency (176.90 °  ± 12.18°, 176.95 °  ± 12.23°, 176.87 °  ± 12.25°) as evidenced by the Kandall’s W of 0.999 (p < 0.001). Of note, the average measured HKA by them (176.90 °  ± 12.22°) served as the ground truth. The automatically measured HKA by the proposed method (176.41 °  ± 12.08°) was close to the ground truth, showing no significant difference. In addition, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between them is 0.999 (p < 0.001). The average of difference between prediction and ground truth is 0.49°. The proposed method indicates a high feasibility and reliability in clinical practice.

/pdf/automated-measurement-of-hip-knee-ankle-angle-on-the-4yvxbayaob.pdf

Automated measurement of hip–knee–ankle angle on the unilateral lower limb X-rays using deep learning

The invention discloses a mobile-Internet diversified cross-regional hospital treatment system, and the system relates to the medical field. The system comprises a cloud database, a data processing module, and terminal equipment. The invention also discloses a treatment method of the system. The system integrates the registration, information consultant, live telecast, instant messaging, cloud computing and big data of a conventional mobile medical platform, can integrate the resources of one region or a plurality of regional hospitals and doctors, promotes the doctors to improve the medical skill more quickly, to cooperate with each other in a better way and to provide better services for patients. Meanwhile, the system remarkably improves the operation efficiency of medical institutions, alleviates the treatment burden of patients, and improves the treatment efficiency.

Qiang Li

Papers

Large Intervening Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR is Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression

Antimicrobial hydrogels: promising materials for medical application.

Auxiliary diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip by automated detection of Sharp's angle on standardized anteroposterior pelvic radiographs.

Automated measurement of hip–knee–ankle angle on the unilateral lower limb X-rays using deep learning

Mobile-Internet diversified cross-regional hospital treatment system and treatment method thereof