This study empirically investigates the relationship between CO2 emission and four of its potentially contributing factors (i.e., energy consumption, income, trade openness and population) using time series data from 1971-2013 on five selected economies of South Asia. After confirming that all the series are stationary using unit root test process, the study incorporates three different and advance panel cointegration tests i.e. Pedroni- Kao- and Johansen-Fisher-panel cointegration. All the panel cointegration tests confirm that all the variables cointegrated. The long-run association between the variables is checked using FMOLS-grouped and individual cross-section country in the panel. The FMOLS grouped results show that energy consumption, trade openness and population increases environmental degradation in the panel countries with exception of income which has negative impact and sounds the existence of Environmental Kuznet curve between income and emission. The innovative accounting approach using variance decomposition test and impulse response function is applied to examine the causality amongst the underlined vectors. The results show that there is bidirectional causality between energy consumption and trade openness and uni-directional causality running from energy consumption, trade openness and population to CO2 emission. The results enumerate that the energy consumption and population density will increase in long-run and foresee further environmental degradation in the region.

What drives carbon dioxide emissions in the long-run? Evidence from selected South Asian Countries

This study employs panel analysis to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) and Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) using data for eleven years i.e. 2001 â€“ 2011. First, it uses pooled time-series cross sectional analysis to estimate the model on determinants of FDI for three samples: BRICS only, MINT only, and BRICS and MINT combined; then, fixed effects model is also employed to estimate the model for BRICS and MINT combined. The results show that market size, infrastructure availability, and trade openness play the most significant roles in attracting FDI to BRICS and MINT while the roles of availability of natural resources and institutional quality are insignificant. Given that FDI inflow to a country has the potential of being mutually beneficial to the investing entity and host government, the challenge is on how BRICS and MINT can sustain the level of FDI inflow and ensure it results in economic growth and socio-economic transformation. To sustain the level of FDI inflow, governments of BRICS and MINT need to ensure that their countries remain attractive for investment. BRICS and MINT also need to ensure that their economies absorb substantial skills and technology spillovers from FDI inflow to promote sustainable long-term economic growth by investing more in their human capital. The study is significant because it contributes to literature on determinants of FDI by extending the scope of previous studies which often focus only on BRICS.

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Fast-Growing Economies: Evidence from the BRICS and MINT Countries

Tourism, urbanization and natural resources rents matter for environmental sustainability: The leading role of AI and ICT on sustainable development goals in the digital era

Trade, FDI, and CO2 emissions nexus in Latin America: the spatial analysis in testing the pollution haven and the EKC hypotheses

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116806

The impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on Covid-19 transmission at the ZIP-code level in Florida

This study evaluates the impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), human well-being, and other macro indicators of the public sector on carbon footprint. Empirical analysis has been carried out for newly industrialized economies that span the period 1990–2017. We used augmented mean group and bootstrap panel causality techniques to cogitate the cross-sectional dependence and country-specific heterogeneity. Based on cross-country analysis, study results show that growing OFDI reduces carbon footprint efficiently in Mexico and Turkey, human well-being decreases emissions in the Philippines, and urbanization reduces emissions in China. Further, technology reduces emissions in Malaysia and Turkey, trade openness reduces emissions in China and Malaysia, and natural resource rents reduce emissions in Indonesia and Mexico. In the case of panel analysis, the moderating role of OFDI with human well-being is contributing toward a sustainable environment. Moreover, the moderation of OFDI and urbanization has an insignificant impact on CFP. Findings depict that interaction terms of OFDI with technology and trade openness have a positive association with the environment quality. Finally, OFDI and natural resources have positive moderation on CFP. This study contributes to the existing literature by suggesting policy implications for a sustainable environment.

The Contribution of Outward Foreign Direct Investment, Human Well-Being, and Technology toward a Sustainable Environment


 Over the last few years, the linkage between economic development and environmental degradation has become a provocative question. Although this nexus has been studied vastly, some of the critical variables of economic development and their impacts on the environment need more focus. The present study explores the association between economic development, outward foreign direct investment, financial development, renewable energy consumption, natural resource rents, trade openness, and ecological footprint in Central and Eastern European economies. The panel data estimators such as augmented mean group and common correlated effect mean group are employed from 1990 to 2017. Empirical findings document that outward foreign direct investment, financial development, trade openness, natural resource rents, and renewable energy consumption increase economic development, implying that they positively affect economic development. Findings validate the inverted U-shaped EKC for concerned economies in case of the ecological footprint. The results show that the interaction term of GDPC with NR, outward foreign direct investment, and RE are eco-friendly indicators. The study results develop imperative policy implications for the selected region to attain sustainable development goals.

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Qianxiao Zhang

Papers

The Contribution of Outward Foreign Direct Investment, Human Well-Being, and Technology toward a Sustainable Environment

Is Achieved Economic Development Environment Friendly? A New Insight From Central and Eastern Europe