Multiphoton 3D lithography is becoming a tool of choice in a wide variety of fields. Regenerative medicine is one of them. Its true 3D structuring capabilities beyond diffraction can be exploited to produce structures with diverse functionality. Furthermore, these objects can be produced from unique materials allowing expanded performance. Here, we review current trends in this research area. We pay particular attention to the interplay between the technology and materials used. Thus, we extensively discuss undergoing light-matter interactions and peculiarities of setups needed to induce it. Then, we continue with the most popular resins, photoinitiators, and general material functionalization, with emphasis on their potential usage in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we provide extensive discussion of current advances in the field as well as prospects showing how the correct choice of the polymer can play a vital role in the structure’s functionality. Overall, this review highlights the interplay between the structure’s architecture and material choice when trying to achieve the maximum result in the field of regenerative medicine.

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Polymers for Regenerative Medicine Structures Made via Multiphoton 3D Lithography

A 3D porous structured cellulose nanofibrils-based hydrogel with carbon dots-enhanced synergetic effects of adsorption and photocatalysis for effective Cr(VI) removal

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.013

Nanoparticles-based phototherapy systems for cancer treatment: Current status and clinical potential

Carbon dots (CDs) have been widely used in biomedical fields because of their superior optical properties, high sensitivity and high selectivity to specific substances. However, there are few studies on trace detection of the ethanol content in aqueous solution using CDs. Herein, novel red fluorescent CDs with dual emission are synthesized and show good dispersibility in various solvents and excitation independence of photoluminescence (PL). After investigating the structure and properties of the red CDs, a multifunctional fluorescent nanoprobe based on the red CDs with high-sensitivity detection for dual-ion trace detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+ can be successfully constructed. The limit of detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+ can be up to 0.024 μM and 0.036 μM, respectively, which is superior to that in previous reports. Meanwhile, in view of the specific solvent effect on their PL, the red CDs are able to be applied for trace detection of the ethanol content in aqueous solution. The methods of colorimetry and fluorescence spectrometry are utilized to perform the threshold test and high-sensitivity quantitative analysis of the ethanol content in aqueous solution. Based on this, a multifunctional fluorescent nanoprobe based on the dual-emission red CDs can be obtained, which provides a promising way for their applications in detection and sensing fields.

Dual-emission carbon dots for sensitive fluorescence detection of metal ions and ethanol in water.

Polarity is an integral microenvironment parameter which is crucial for establishing and reflecting a large number of sophisticated physiological functions and pathological effects. Monitoring the changes of intracellular polarity is...

Red Emissive Carbon Dots as Fluorescent Sensor for Fast Specific Monitoring and Imaging of Polarity in Living Cells

Recent trends of mesoporous silica-based nanoplatforms for nanodynamic therapies

Carbon dots (CDs), a carbon-based 0-Dimensionalfluorescent material with simple preparation method, wide range of raw materials, and excellent physical and chemical properties have attracted the attention of many researchers in...

Carbon dots/inorganic nanomaterials composites

Recent advances in multi-configurable nanomaterials for improved chemodynamic therapy

In this work, a two-photon polymerization (2PP) processing device was built using the femtosecond laser, and femtosecond laser direct writing was performed on SU-8 photoresist. Due to the 2PP effect of the photoresist caused by the femtosecond laser, the polymeric line with size less than the focal spot size is obtained. Based on the Raman spectroscopy characterization of SU-8 polymer before and after 2PP, we research the dynamic process of femtosecond laser induced 2PP. In Raman spectra, some scattering peaks with large intensity variation, such as 1 108 cm-1 and 1 183 cm-1, indicate that the asymmetric stretching vibration of C-O-C bond in SU-8 polymer is increased. By comparison, we can find that 2PP only affects the light absorption of initiator, but does not affect the monomer polymerization. It is helpful to understand the interaction of photoresist and femtosecond laser, and plays an important role in quantitatively controlling the polymerization degree of SU-8 polymer and improving the processing resolution of 2PP.1

Qing-ji Xu

Papers

Recent trends of mesoporous silica-based nanoplatforms for nanodynamic therapies

Carbon dots/inorganic nanomaterials composites

Recent advances in multi-configurable nanomaterials for improved chemodynamic therapy

Dual-emission carbon dots for sensitive fluorescence detection of metal ions and ethanol in water.

Two-photon polymerization fabrication and Raman spectroscopy research of SU-8 photoresist using the femtosecond laser