In the modern technological world, wireless communication has taken a massive leap from the conventional communication system to a new radio communication network. The novel concept of Fifth Generation (5G) cellular networks brings a combination of a diversified set of devices and machines with great improvement in a unique way compared to previous technologies. To broaden the user’s experience, 5G technology provides the opportunity to meet the people’s potential necessities for efficient communication. Specifically, researchers have designed a network of small cells with unfamiliar technologies that have never been introduced before. The new network design is an amalgamation of various schemes such as Heterogeneous Network (HetNet), Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, Internet of Things (IoT), Relay Node (RN), Beamforming, Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M-MIMO), millimeter-wave (mm-wave), and so on. Also, enhancement in predecessor’s techniques is required so that new radio is compatible with a traditional network. However, the disparate technological models’ design and concurrent practice have created an unacceptable intervention in each other’s signals. These vulnerable interferences have significantly degraded the overall network performance. This review article scrutinizes the issues of interferences observed and studied in different structures and techniques of the 5G and beyond network. The study focuses on the various interference effect in HetNet, RN, D2D, and IoT. Furthermore, as an in-depth literature review, we discuss various types of interferences related to each method by studying the state-of-the-art relevant research in the literature. To provide new insight into interference issue management for the next-generation network, we address and explore various relevant topics in each section that help make the system more robust. Overall, this review article’s goal is to guide all the stakeholders, including students, operators, engineers, and researchers, aiming to explore this promising research theme, comprehend interferences and their types, and related techniques to mitigate them. We also state methodologies proposed by the $3^{\mathrm {rd}}$ Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and present the promising and feasible research directions toward this challenging topic for the realization of 5G and beyond network.

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Interference Management in 5G and Beyond Network: Requirements, Challenges and Future Directions

This paper investigates the secrecy performance of an underlay cooperative cognitive relaying network, wherein a secondary source vehicle communicates with a fixed secondary destination terminal via a direct link and with the assistance of a secondary amplify-and-forward relay vehicle in the presence of a passive secondary eavesdropper vehicle, taking into consideration of interference at the primary user. We assume that the eavesdropper vehicle takes the advantages of both the relay link and direct link. We consider that vehicle-to-vehicle links are modeled as double-Rayleigh fading, while vehicle-to-fixed infrastructure links are modeled as Rayleigh fading. Such a scenario finds it relevancy in vehicle-to-vehicle communication and/or vehicle-to-infrastructure communication under spectrum sharing heterogeneous cooperative vehicular networks. For such a realistic scenario, in particular, we derive a tight lower bound expression of the secrecy outage probability under mixed Rayleigh and double-Rayleigh fading channels. We also present an effective secrecy diversity order analysis and show that the considered system can achieve a secrecy diversity order of 2 for infinitely large average channel gain values of the main links. Finally, we demonstrate the accuracy of our analytical findings via numerical and simulation results and show the impact of channel conditions, primary interference constraints, and direct links on the secrecy performance of the considered system.

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Secrecy Performance of Cooperative Cognitive AF Relaying Networks With Direct Links Over Mixed Rayleigh and Double-Rayleigh Fading Channels

In this paper, we study the secrecy performance of underlay cooperative cognitive relaying network, where a secondary source communicates with a secondary destination with the cooperation of an amplify-and-forward (AF) secondary relay in the presence of a passive eavesdropper, taking into consideration the interference from primary user (PU). We assume that the nodes in the secondary network are mobile, whereas the PU is a fixed infrastructure node. Therefore, we model the channels for mobile-to-mobile links as double-Rayleigh fading, while the channels between mobile-to-fixed links are modeled as Rayleigh fading. Considering such a realistic scenario, in particular, we derive a tight lower bound expression of secrecy outage probability (SOP) in closed-form, whereas an important asymptotic SOP expression is presented in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. The asymptotic results reveal that the presence of eavesdropper causes irreducible error floors in the SOP curves at high SNR and hence reduces the secrecy diversity order to zero. Finally, numerical and simulation results demonstrate the correctness of our analytical findings.

On the Secrecy Performance of Cooperative Cognitive Vehicular Relay Networks

This paper investigates the secrecy performance of an intervehicular cognitive relaying network. We assume that the primary receiver (PU) in the primary network is fixed, whereas the secondary source, secondary relay, secondary destination, and eavesdropper are moving vehicles. Considering such scenario, the channel between fixed node and vehicle node is modeled as Rayleigh fading, while the vehicle-to-vehicle channels are modeled as double-Rayleigh fading. In order to analyze the impact of eavesdropper channel and maximum tolerable interference level at PU, we firstly derive the tight closed-form expression of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for the considered system. Moreover, to extract further insights, the asymptotic SOP expression in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime is also deduced, which reveals that the eavesdropper has detrimental effect on the system secrecy performance and even reduces the system secrecy diversity order to zero. Lastly, we validate our analytical finding via simulations.

Physical Layer Security in Intervehicular Cognitive Relaying Communication Systems

Performance Analysis of Energy Efficient Spatial Modulation in Bidirectional Cooperative Cognitive Radio System with Eavesdropper

In this paper, we investigate the secrecy outage performance of the decode-and-forward cognitive relay network with the existence of the co-channel interference, where all nodes are equipped with single antenna and all channels experience Rayleigh fading channels, which are also independent non-identical distribution (i.n.i.d). We also consider the multiple user selection scheme and the single eavesdropper, which could wiretap the information at each hop. There is no evidence of the direct links from the source to the destinations because of the bad conditions. To evaluate the system secrecy performance, we derive the closed form expressions of the secrecy outage probabilities, and the Monte Carlo simulations are also presented to validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis.

Qiqing Yang

Papers

Secrecy Outage Performance Analysis of DF Cognitive Relay Network With Co-channel Interference