Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility

This paper reviews recent advances in biomedical and healthcare applications of Doppler radar that remotely detects heartbeat and respiration of a human subject. In the last decade, new front-end architectures, baseband signal processing methods, and system-level integrations have been proposed by many researchers in this field to improve the detection accuracy and robustness. The advantages of noncontact detection have drawn interests in various applications, such as energy smart home, baby monitor, cardiopulmonary activity assessment, and tumor tracking. While many of the reported systems were bench-top prototypes for concept verification, several portable systems and integrated radar chips have been demonstrated. This paper reviews different architectures, baseband signal processing, and system implementations. Validations of this technology in a clinical environment will also be discussed.

A Review on Recent Advances in Doppler Radar Sensors for Noncontact Healthcare Monitoring

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Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar Signal Processing Algorithms

This is a book review of 'The Micro-Doppler Effect in Radar' by V. C. Chen. Artech House, 16 Sussex Street, London, SW1V 4RW, UK. 2011. 290pp + diskette. Illustrated. £90. ISBN 978-1-60807-057-2.

'The Micro-Doppler Effect in Radar' by V.C. Chen

This paper reviews recent progress of portable short-range noncontact microwave radar systems for motion detection, positioning, and imaging applications. With the continuous advancements of modern semiconductor technologies and embedded computing, many functionalities that could only be achieved by bulky radar systems in the past are now integrated into portable devices with integrated circuit chips and printed circuits boards. These portable solutions are able to provide high motion detection sensitivity, excellent signal-to-noise ratio, and satisfactory range detection capability. Assisted by on-board signal processing algorithms, they can play important roles in various areas, such as health and elderly care, veterinary monitoring, human-computer interaction, structural monitoring, indoor tracking, and wind engineering. This paper reviews some system architectures and practical implementations for typical wireless sensing applications. It also discusses potential future developments for the next-generation portable smart radar systems.

A Review on Recent Progress of Portable Short-Range Noncontact Microwave Radar Systems

In this paper, we discuss using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to process either time- or frequency-domain signals in human sensing radar applications. One example will be given for a continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radar and another for an ultrawideband (UWB) pulse–Doppler (PD) radar. The example for the CW Doppler radar utilizes a novel superheterodyne receiver to suppress low-frequency noise and includes a digital downconverter module implemented in an FPGA. Meanwhile, the UWB PD radar employs a carrier-based transceiver and a novel equivalent time sampling scheme based on FPGA for narrow pulse digitization. Highly integrated compact data acquisition hardware has been implemented and exploited in both radar prototypes. Typically, the CW Doppler radar is a low-cost option for single human activity monitoring, vital sign detection, etc., where target range information is not required. Meanwhile, the UWB PD radar is more advanced in through-wall sensing, multiple-object detection, real-time target tracking, and so on, where a high-resolution range profile is acquired together with a micro-Doppler signature. Design challenges, performance comparison, pros, and cons will be discussed in detail.

CW and Pulse–Doppler Radar Processing Based on FPGA for Human Sensing Applications

In this letter, a phase-based algorithm based on a logarithmic method, applicable to UWB radars and suitable to real-time monitoring, is proposed to detect the phase variations of reflected pulses caused by the tiny cardiac motions Compared with conventional FFT vital signs detection method, this algorithm demonstrates advantage in respiration harmonics suppression and avoidance of intermodulation between respiration and heartbeat signals Furthermore, it is experimentally shown that UWB Doppler radar is capable of multiple heartbeats detection and subject identification/localization

Noncontact Multiple Heartbeats Detection and Subject Localization Using UWB Impulse Doppler Radar

In recent years, the performances of radar resolution, coverage, and detection accuracy have been significantly improved through the use of ultra-wideband, synthetic aperture and digital signal processing technologies. High-resolution radars (HRRs) utilize wideband signals and synthetic apertures to enhance the range and angular resolutions of tracking, respectively. They also generate one-, two-, and even three-dimensional high-resolution images containing the feature information of targets, from which the targets can be precisely classified and identified. Advanced signal processing algorithms in HRRs obtain important information such as range-Doppler imaging, phase-derived ranging, and micro-motion features. However, the advantages and applications of HRRs are restricted by factors such as the reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of multi-scatter point targets, decreased tracking accuracy of multi-scatter point targets, high demands of motion compensation, and low sensitivity of the target attitude. Focusing on these problems, this paper systematically introduces the novel technologies of HRRs and discusses the issues and solutions relevant to detection, tracking, imaging, and recognition. Finally, it reviews the latest progress and representative results of HRR-based research, and suggests the future development of HRRs.

Advanced technology of high-resolution radar: target detection, tracking, imaging, and recognition

In this paper, we present a low cost ultra wideband (UWB) biometric radar sensor for respiration detection and monitoring applications By using pulse Doppler radar technology, the developed sensor goes beyond detecting the breathing of a single person as conventional radars do; to simultaneously localizing and monitoring multiple human objects as well The biometric sensor achieves a high range resolution of 3 mm, which makes it capable of detecting very tiny motions, such as breathing and heartbeat A high unambiguous Doppler velocity of 9 m/s is obtained by the sensor and makes it an attractive device to monitor and investigate any other human physical activities too Experiments of detecting the location and respiration characteristic of single and multiple human objects will be discussed

Simultaneous localization and respiration detection of multiple people using low cost UWB biometric pulse Doppler radar sensor

By partial interception and multiple forwarding of a radar transmitting signal, digital radio frequency memory-based interrupted sampling repeater jamming can yield a partial processing gain and form multiple false target groups in the range direction, achieving jamming effects of both suppression and deception. Various improved jamming strategies have been proposed, while jamming suppression problems have not been fully addressed. In this study, a jamming suppression method based on the idea of `reconstruction and cancellation' is proposed by analysing the jamming principle. The method firstly analyses the pulse compression results with time-frequency analysis to obtain the intercepted slice number and forwarding times; then, the slice width is estimated by deconvolution processing; finally, iterative cancellation is used to suppress the jamming. Performance of the method was verified by Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the normalised error of the slice width estimation is 16 dB.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/iet-rsn.2017.0114

Quanhua Liu

Papers

CW and Pulse–Doppler Radar Processing Based on FPGA for Human Sensing Applications

Noncontact Multiple Heartbeats Detection and Subject Localization Using UWB Impulse Doppler Radar

Advanced technology of high-resolution radar: target detection, tracking, imaging, and recognition

Simultaneous localization and respiration detection of multiple people using low cost UWB biometric pulse Doppler radar sensor

Parameter estimation and suppression for DRFM-based interrupted sampling repeater jammer