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Toxicological profile for phenol

Phenol-induced stimulation of hydroquinone bioactivation in mouse bone marrow in vivo: possible implications in benzene myelotoxicity.

A sublethal dose (5 mg L-1) of phenol was applied in the experiment. Liver and pancreas samples were taken at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr for electron microscopy. The following alterations were manifested during the experiment: amitosis, irregular nuclear forms, decrease of chromatin, nucleolar segregation and numerous phagosomes and autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm. After 72 hr, large empty vacuoles also developed in the cells. The rEr was often dilated, and the accumulation of paraprotein crystals in their lumen was also common. All these alterations prove the serious cytopathological effects of phenol on the metabolism of parenchymal cells.

Detection of phenol-induced subcellular alteration by electron microscopy in the liver and panceres of carp.

In this chapter the behaviour of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the body after exposure by inhalation or after oral and dermal exposure, together with the toxic effects caused by exposure to VOCs via the different routes are discussed Due to the number of VOCs it is impossible to cover all compounds and their toxicity The aim is to include the most important representatives of the different classes of VOCs with respect both to toxic properties and to occurrence Exposure to VOCs is discussed in chapter 1, while toxicity and exposure in the occupational health situation, with special emphasis on dermal toxicity, are discussed in chapter 7 This chapter will focus on the toxicokinetics, biotransformation and toxicity after oral exposure and exposure by inhalation, especially in experimental animals Towards the end of the chapter new developments, such as the use of physiologically based models to determine toxicokinetic and dynamic properties of VOCs in risk assessment and risk evaluation, and attention to groups at risk and consideration of the combined effects of different VOCs are reviewed

R.B. Baggs

Papers

Demonstration of direct toxicity of phenol on kidney.