The family of two-dimensional (2D) materials grows day by day, hugely expanding the scope of possible phenomena to be explored in two dimensions, as well as the possible van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures that one can create. Such 2D materials currently cover a vast range of properties. Until recently, this family has been missing one crucial member: 2D magnets. The situation has changed over the past 2 years with the introduction of a variety of atomically thin magnetic crystals. Here we will discuss the difference between magnetic states in 2D materials and in bulk crystals and present an overview of the 2D magnets that have been explored recently. We will focus on the case of the two most studied systems-semiconducting CrI3 and metallic Fe3GeTe2-and illustrate the physical phenomena that have been observed. Special attention will be given to the range of new van der Waals heterostructures that became possible with the appearance of 2D magnets, offering new perspectives in this rapidly expanding field.

Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures.

The family of 2D materials grows day by day, drastically expanding the scope of possible phenomena to be explored in two dimensions, as well as the possible van der Waals heterostructures that one can create. Such 2D materials currently cover a vast range of properties. Until recently, this family has been missing one crucial member - 2D magnets. The situation has changed over the last two years with the introduction of a variety of atomically-thin magnetic crystals. Here we will discuss the difference between magnetic states in 2D materials and in bulk crystals and present an overview of the 2D magnets that have been explored recently. We will focus, in particular, on the case of the two most studied systems - semiconducting CrI$_3$ and metallic Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ - and illustrate the physical phenomena that have been observed. Special attention will be given to the range of novel van der Waals heterostructures that became possible with the appearance of 2D magnets, offering new perspectives in this rapidly expanding field.

Magnetic 2D materials and heterostructures

Review on structural and chemical properties of transition metal phosphorous trisulfides MPS3

Searching two-dimensional (2D) half-metallic crystals that are feasible in experiment is essential to develop next-generation nanospintronic devices. Here, a 2D exfoliated MnPSe3 nanosheet with novel magnetism is first proposed based on first-principles calculations. In particular, the evaluated low cleavage energy and high in-plane stiffness indicate that the free-standing MnPSe3 nanosheet can be exfoliated from its bulk structure in experiment. The MnPSe3 nanosheet is an antiferromagnetic semiconductor at its ground state, whereas both electron and hole doping induce its transition from antiferromagnetic semiconductor to ferromagnetic half-metal. Moreover, the spin-polarization directions of 2D half-metallic MnPSe3 are opposite for electron and hole doping, which can be controlled by applying an external voltage gate. The Monte Carlo simulation based on the Ising model suggests the Curie temperature of the doped 2D MnPSe3 crystal is up to 206 K. These advantages render the 2D MnPSe3 crystal with great potentials for application in electric-field controlled spintronic devices.

Half-metallicity in MnPSe₃ exfoliated nanosheet with carrier doping.

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R. Brec

Papers

Magnetic interactions in the layer compounds MPX3 (M = Mn, Fe, Ni; X = S, Se)