This paper calls attention to some of the most important and easily recognizable forms of surface wave, pointing out that their essential common characteristic is the evanescent field structure over the wave front, as represented by equiphase planes. The problems of launching and supporting surface waves must, in general, be distinguished from one another and it does not necessarily follow that because a particular surface is capable of supporting a surface wave that a given aperture distribution of radiation, e.g. a vertical dipole, can excite such a wave. The paper concludes with a discussion of the behavior of surface waves and their applications.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/10933/4065481/04065500.pdf

Surface Waves

The object of this paper is to derive the added mass and damping coefficients associated with the periodic motions of a floating hemisphere. Two physically distinct cases are considered; namely those of heave and surge, where these nautical terms refer respectively to a vertical or horizontal oscillation of the body. Computations have been done and the values found for the various force coefficients are presented in tabulated form. A brief derivation of the long- and short-wave asymptotics of these coefficients has also been included.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022112082001980

The wave forces acting on a floating hemisphere undergoing forced periodic oscillations

We consider two-dimensional problems based on linear water wave theory concerning the interaction of waves with horizontal cylinders in a fluid consisting of a layer of finite depth bounded above by a free surface and below by an infinite layer of fluid of greater density. For such a situation time-harmonic waves can propagate with two different wavenumbers K and k. In a single-layer fluid there are a number of reciprocity relations that exist connecting the various hydrodynamic quantities that arise. These relations are systematically extended to the two-fluid case. It is shown that for symmetric bodies the solutions to scattering problems where the incident wave has wavenumber K and those where it has wavenumber k are related so that the solution to both can be found by just solving one of them. The particular problems of wave scattering by a horizontal circular cylinder in either the upper or lower layer are then solved using multipole expansions.

/pdf/the-interaction-of-waves-with-horizontal-cylinders-in-two-2q84err1wa.pdf

The interaction of waves with horizontal cylinders in two-layer fluids

In this paper we consider the problems of the radiation and scattering of surface gravity waves by a vertical circular cylinder placed on the centreline of a channel of width 2 d and depth H , and either extending from the bottom through the free surface or truncated so as to fill only part of the depth. These problems are solved, for arbitrary incident wavenumber k , by constructing appropriate multipoles for cylinders placed symmetrically in channels and then using the body boundary condition to derive a set of infinite systems of linear algebraic equations. For the general problems considered here, this method is superior to the more usual approach of using a set of image cylinders to model the channel walls, in particular the occurrence of modes other than the fundamental when kd > is accurately modelled and the correct form predicted for the far-field.

The radiation and scattering of surface waves by a vertical circular cylinder in a channel

Representations for Green's functions for Laplace' equation in domains with infinite boundaries are obtained by integrating solutions to appropriate heat conduction problems with respect to time. By using different representations for these heat equation solutions for small and large times, the changeover being determined by an arbitrary positive parameter a, a one-parameter family of formulae for the required Green' function is derived and by varying a the convergence characteristics of this new representation can be altered. Letting a zero results in known eigenfunction expansions and, in those situations in which they exist, letting a recovers known image series representations. The method, which is essentially equivalent to Ewald summation, is applied to two types of problem. First, it is applied to potential flow between parallel planes and in a rectangular channel, and, second, to two- and three-dimensional water-wave problems in which the depth is constant. In all cases the results of computations ...

Rapidly convergent representations for Green' functions for Laplace' equation

Problems dealing with the generation of surface waves in water involve the consideration of singularities of different types in the liquid. In the case when bodies are present in the liquid, waves may be either generated by the movement of the body, or reflected from the body. The two cases are essentially equivalent, and the resulting motion can be described by a series of singularities placed within the body. The boundary conditions on the surface of the body give equations from which the exact form of the potential can be obtained. Ursell (10) has solved in this manner the problem, earlier discussed by Dean(1), of the generation of surface waves by a submerged circular cylinder. In this two-dimensional problem he used a series of complex potential functions arising from multipoles at the centre of the cylinder, but the velocity potential of the motion could have been described, without the introduction of the stream function, in terms of the velocity potentials of the multipoles.

R. C. Thorne

Papers

Multipole expansions in the theory of surface waves