Response of buried pipelines subject to earthquake effects

A finite element model for simple straight wire rope strands

In-service buckling of submarine pipelines can occur due to the institution of axial compressive forces caused by the constrained expansions set up by thermal and internal pressure actions. Previous attempts at modelling the appropriate behaviour have been based on idealised or perfect pipelines; further, such analyses have also employed fully mobilised friction forces. Herein presented is a set of analyses which incorporate structural imperfections and deformation-dependent axial friction resistance. Not only do these features enable a more rational interpretation of submarine pipeline buckling behaviour to be established, but, in addition, an inherent limitation existing in the previous mathematical modelling of the vertical buckling mode is elucidated and overcome.

Submarine pipeline buckling—imperfection studies

On lateral and upheaval buckling of subsea pipelines

A critical review of the heavy elastica

Compressive forces may be induced in pipelines by the restraint of axial extensions due to temperature changes or other causes. These forces may cause vertical or lateral buckling of the pipeline. These two buckling modes, which both involve an overall column-type response without gross distortion of the pipeline cross-section, are analyzed on the basis of related work on railroad track. For normal coefficients of friction, the lateral mode occurs at a lower axial load than the vertical mode and is dominant in pipelines unless the line is trenched or buried. The theoretical solutions are illustrated by numerical results for a typical pipeline and some design implications reviewed.

R.E. Hobbs

Papers

In‐Service Buckling of Heated Pipelines

Pipeline buckling caused by axial loads

Mechanism of fretting fatigue in steel cables

The fatigue of structural wire strands

Behaviour of cables under dynamic or repeated loading