The Infra-red Spectra of Complex Molecules.

There has been considerable interest among chemists and physicists during the past ten years in electrically conductive organic compounds [1]. The possibility of conductive materials that are light weight, inexpensive and easily processed has been especially attractive. This paper will describe what makes these organic materials conductive, and their properties in general, as well as results of recent work.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7736353/7736354/07736432.pdf

Conductive polymers

Synthesis and characterization of a novel kind soluble, conjugated, and fluorescent chelate polymer containing fluorene ring in the backbone: Optical, electrical, and electrochemical properties

Synthesis and conductive properties of a novel azobenzene-based conjugated polymer

Oxygen is ubiquitous in nature and it plays a key role in several biological processes, such as cellular respiration and food deterioration, to name a few. Currently, reversible and non-destructive oxygen sensing is usually performed with sensors produced by photosensitization of phosphorescent organometallic complexes. In contrast, we propose a novel route of optical oxygen sensing by fluorescence-based quenching of oxygen. We hereby developed for the first time a set of multi-emissive purely organic emitters. These were produced through a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis using p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and urea as starting materials. The origin of the multi-emission has been ascribed to the diversity of chemical structures produced as a result of oxidative oligomerization of PPD. A Bandrowski's base (BB, i.e., trimer of PPD) is reported as the main component at reaction times higher than 8 h. This indication was confirmed by electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight (ESI-QTOF) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Once the emitters are embedded within a high molecular weight poly (vinyl alcohol) matrix, the intensities of all three emission centers exhibit a non-linear quenching provoked by oxygen within the range of 0-8 kPa. The detection limit of the emission centers are 0.89 kPa, 0.67 kPa and 0.75 kPa, respectively. This oxygen-dependent change in fluorescence emission is reversible (up to three tested 0-21% O2 cycles) and reproducible with negligible cross-interference to humidity. The cost-effectiveness, metal-free formulation, cross-referencing between each single emission center and the relevant oxygen range are all appealing features, making these sensors promising for the detection of oxygen, e.g., in food packaged products.

Reversible Oxygen Sensing Based on Multi-Emission Fluorescence Quenching.

Poly(1,4-benzoquinonediimine-N,N-diyl-1,4-phenylene) having similar structure to pernigraniline was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of p-phenylenediamine and its salt using potassium peroxydisulfate as an oxidant in molar ratio 1:0.8, in acetic acid, at 278 K. Acetylation of amino end groups of polymers were carried out aiming to prevent self-condensation of amino groups with 1,4-benzoquinone diimine groups by 1,4-addition. Attempting to carry out the reduction of obtained polymer with hydrazine hydrate, it was shown that 1,4-addition of hydrazine to quinonediimine groups occurs instead of expected reduction reaction. When doping obtained polymers with iodine, the electrical conductivity increases up to 10−4 S/cm.

Synthesis and investigation of poly(p-phenylenediamine)–poly(1,4-benzoquinonediimine-N,N-diyl-1,4-phenylene)

Syntheses and investigation of polymers containing 1-triazene-1,3-diyl and 1,4-phenylene group

The oxidative copolymerization of aniline with p-phenylenediamine in an acetic acid medium has been investigated for the first time. It has been determined that as a result of copolymerization, a polymer having a structure analogous to the polyaniline called emeraldine is formed. The obtained copolymer doped with 3N hydrochloric acid has an electrical conductivity five times higher than that of polyaniline prepared by the usual method. Aniline polymerization proceeds more slowly at 273 K under the same copolymerization conditions and the obtained polymer has low conductivity. However, in a mixture of acetic acid-methanol, the reaction proceeds faster and the obtained polymer has a conductivity almost equal to that of emeraldine. It has been observed that the conductivity of polymers doped with formic acid is lower than that of polymers obtained by doping with hydrochloric acid by 2 orders of magnitude.

Copolymerization of Aniline with P-Phenylenediamine in an Acetic Acid Medium

It was established that the reaction of sodium thiosulfate with poly(p-phenylenediamine)—poly(1,4-benzoquinonediimine-N,N′-diyl-1,4-phenylene) and its derivative with acetylated end amino groups results in 1,4-addition of thiosulfate to quinonediimine groups. The same reaction was investigated with its model compound N,N′-di(4-acetaminophenyl)-1,4-benzoquinonediimine. The reaction conditions for high conversion of quinonediimine groups were worked out. Electrical conductivity of obtained polymers was less than 10−10 S/cm and was increased with doping level increase up to 2.8 × 10−6 S/cm when doping with iodine.

Investigation of addition reaction of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate to quinonediimine groups

Poly(azophenyleneazo-2,4-diamino-1,5-phenylenes) were synthesized via diazotization of m- and p-phenylenediamine and azocoupling with m-phenylenediamine. It is found that, simultaneously, dihydrobenztriazolic units were formed as a result of cyclization reaction between amino and azo groups located in ortho position to each other. Oxidation of poly(azo-p-phenyleneazo-2,4-diamino-1,5-phenylene) was carried out and new polymer with benzotriazolic units in the main polymer chain was obtained. The conductivities of obtained polymers doped with iodine were increased with doping levels increase from 10−9–5 × 10−8 S/m to 0,1–0,6 S/m.

/pdf/synthesis-characterization-and-electrical-properties-of-poly-4r1c9mqj8v.pdf

R. H. Arakelyan

Papers

Synthesis and investigation of poly(p-phenylenediamine)–poly(1,4-benzoquinonediimine-N,N-diyl-1,4-phenylene)

Syntheses and investigation of polymers containing 1-triazene-1,3-diyl and 1,4-phenylene group

Copolymerization of Aniline with P-Phenylenediamine in an Acetic Acid Medium

Investigation of addition reaction of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate to quinonediimine groups

Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrical Properties of Poly(azophenyleneazo-2,4-diamino-1,5-phenylenes)