The electrodeposition of polypyrrole films from aqueous solutions

FAS 5407 Biology of Fishery and Aquaculture Invertebrates 3 Credits Grading Scheme: Letter Grade Examines the biology of marine and freshwater invertebrates that are important as fisheries or in aquaculture. Topics will include taxonomy, morphology, distribution, habitat requirements, nutrition, major predators and parasites, significant ecological interactions, and life cycles. Nonfood fisheries, such as commercial sponges and pearl oysters, will be included.

Fisheries and aquatic sciences

Publisher Summary This chapter describes respiratory gas exchange, aerobic metabolism, and the effects of hypoxia during early life of fish. Analytical models provide a useful framework for the study of respiratory gas exchange. The cascade model, in particular, has been widely used to describe various aspects of vertebrate respiratory function. The laminar boundary layer is a semistagnant region of water adjacent to the egg surface where oxygen is depleted and metabolic wastes accumulate. The boundary layer actually has no outer limit, but for practical purposes are usually defined as the distance from the egg surface where local conditions are equivalent to 99% of free-stream conditions. Larvae experience respiratory distress during the transition from cutaneous to branchial gas exchange. The metabolic response of larvae to declining oxygen levels appears to be more variable than in embryos. The influence of salinity on the rate of oxygen consumption of embryos and larvae has been investigated in only a few species, but results to date suggest that net ionoregulatory costs are negligible once acclimation has occurred.

2 Respiratory Gas Exchange, Aerobic Metabolism, and Effects of Hypoxia During Early Life

River current energy conversion systems (RCECS) are electromechanical energy converters that convert kinetic energy of river water into other usable forms of energy. Over the last few decades, a number of reports on technical and economic feasibility of this technology have emerged. However, the potentials of this technology as an effective source of alternative energy have not yet been explored to a great extent. The underlying challenges of system design, operation and economics also lack proper understanding. In this article, starting with a definition of the RCECS, an overview of the technological advancements in the relevant field is provided. From a system engineering perspective, various merits and prospects of this technology along with pertinent challenges are discussed. The cross-disciplinary nature of approaching these challenges with an emphasis on the need for contributions from various technical and non-technical domains are also outlined in brief. This article may serve as a coherent literature survey or technology review that would provide better understanding of the subjacent issues and possibly rejuvenate research interest in this immensely potential field of energy engineering.

River current energy conversion systems : Progress, prospects and challenges

A broad overview of research on the effects of imposed magnetic fields on electrolytic processes is given. As well as modelling of mass transfer in magnetoelectrolytic cells, the effect of magnetic fields on reaction kinetics is discussed. Interactions of an imposed magnetic field with cathodic crystallization and anodic dissolution behaviour of metals are also treated. These topics are described from a practical point of view.

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Applications of magnetoelectrolysis

Respiratory exchange at the surface of developing fish eggs is influenced by two processes: diffusion and convection. The respiring egg acts as an oxygen sink, removing dissolved oxygen from the diffusion layer surrounding the outer surfaces of the egg capsule. To maintain the oxygen gradient in the diffusion layer, oxygen must be delivered to it by convection. This paper describes two components of convective transport: that provided by forced convection — the bulk transport of oxygenated water to the egg; and a newly recognized component, natural convection. Salmon normally spawn in gravel environments. Mass transfer of oxygen to incubating eggs, resulting from forced convection, is provided by subsurface water moving with a velocity related primarily to properties of the gravel and the hydraulic gradient. Egg-induced natural convection is seen as a component embedded in these relations. Acting as an emergency oxygen transport and metabolite disposal mechanism at low water velocities, natural convection...

Natural Convection: A Mechanism for Transporting Oxygen to Incubating Salmon Eggs

Mechanism of oxidation of organic molecules at a polypyrrole modified electrode using laser interferometry

Electrochemical hydrodynamics in a magnetic field with laser interferometry

Laser interf erometry of electroless deposition of copper selenide

Copper selenide has been formed by electroless deposition from a selenic acid bath (pH=1.0) containing copper sulfate and indium sulfate. Indium was incorporated into the film by a galvanostatic cathodic polarization. These steps have been followed by multiple beam laser interferometry and x-ray microanalysis. The formation of copper indium selenide is controlled by the composition of the bath and the anode used in the experiment

R.N. O'Brien

Papers

Natural Convection: A Mechanism for Transporting Oxygen to Incubating Salmon Eggs

Mechanism of oxidation of organic molecules at a polypyrrole modified electrode using laser interferometry

Electrochemical hydrodynamics in a magnetic field with laser interferometry

Laser interf erometry of electroless deposition of copper selenide

Incorporation of In into Copper Selenide Formation of Copper Indium Selenide Followed by Laser Interferometry