Optimal power flow using gravitational search algorithm

Global warming is the main driving force behind worldwide interest for the generation of bulk electrical energy from renewable sources. As a consequence of advancements in solar cell fabrication and converter technology, solar PV has emerged as one of the most promising renewable sources for bulk power generation. If the current commissioning rate continues, PV power would lead to the modification of several aspects of power system and could influence the stability of the system. This paper extensively reviews the technical challenges, on particular, the stability issues associated with the integration of large-scale PV into the power system. In addition, the paper also reviews the dynamic model of large-scale PV for stability studies as well as the grid codes for large-scale PV integration into the system. Finally, this paper summarizes the research findings about the technical solutions to overcome the power system stability challenges regarding the large-scale PV integration into the transmission and sub-transmission or medium voltage distribution system.

A review of key power system stability challenges for large-scale PV integration

Challenges of renewable energy penetration on power system flexibility: A survey

Clean and environment-friendly energy harvesting are of prime interest today as it is one of the key enablers in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as accelerates social progress and enhances living standards. India, the second-most populous nation with a population of 1.353 billion, is one of the largest consumers of fossil fuels in the world which is responsible for global warming. An ever-increasing population is projected until 2050, and consequently, the energy demand in the upcoming decades will be co-accelerated by the rapid industrial growth. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) with the support of National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog is working to achieve the Indian Government's target of attaining 175 GW through renewable energy resources. Many Indian states are currently increasing their renewable energy capacity in an objective to meet future energy demand. The review paper discusses in-depth about the three Indian states, namely Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, which pioneers the renewable energy production in India. The global energy scenario was discussed in detail with Indian contrast. Further, the barriers to the development of renewable energy generation and policies of the Indian government are discussed in detail to promote renewable energy generation throughout India as well as globally since the challenges are similar for other nations. This study analyzed various prospects of the country in renewable energy which has been done in a purpose to help the scholars, researchers, and policymakers of the nation, as it gives an insight into the present renewable energy scenario of the country.

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A Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Development, Challenges, and Policies of Leading Indian States With an International Perspective

This paper presents a fully distributed reactive power optimization algorithm that can obtain the global optimum solution of nonconvex problems for distribution networks (DNs) without requiring a central coordinator. Second-order conic relaxation is used to achieve exact convexification. A fully distributed second-order cone programming solver (D-SOCP) is formulated corresponding to the given division of areas based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, which is greatly simplified by exploiting the structure of active DNs. The problem is solved for each area with very little interchange of boundary information between neighboring areas. D-SOCP is extended by using a varying penalty parameter to improve convergence. A proof of its convergence is also given. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated via numerical simulations using the IEEE 69-bus, 123-bus DNs, and a real 1066-bus distribution system.

A Fully Distributed Reactive Power Optimization and Control Method for Active Distribution Networks

Evolutionary programming based security constrained optimal power flow

Operating cost minimization of a radial distribution system in a deregulated electricity market through reconfiguration using NSGA method

Economic dispatch with prohibited operating zones using fast computation evolutionary programming algorithm

Reconfiguration of radial distribution system is the significant way of altering the flow of power through lines This altered flow changes the real power losses, reactive power losses and voltage profiles Privatized RDS need to operate profitably with minimum operational losses and power quality Envisaging such a prospect, this paper focuses on the aspects of loss minimization and voltage enhancement of RDS by artificial intelligence methods A sample 33-bus system and 69-bus system are chosen for the study and the results are being compared

Optimal reconfiguration of radial distribuion system using artificial intelligence methods

Distributed Generation is a small source of electric power generation (typically range from less than a kW to tens of MW) that is not a part of central power system and is located close to the load. The loads of the system are uncontrolled and depend on voltage and frequency of the system. Therefore, analysis assuming constant power loads will give misleading and inaccurate results. This paper addresses the voltage sensitiveness of the loads by incorporating voltage dependent load models in the analysis. Three types of DGs are considered for implementation and DGs are modelled as PQ bus. The suitable location for placing distributed generation (DG) is identified through loss sensitivity factors and L index. Evolutionary programming is used to find the optimal size of distributed generation (DG).The objective of this paper is to minimize the total losses by optimal siting and sizing of three types of DG for a mixed realistic load model. This technique is tested on IEEE-34 bus radial distribution system and the results obtained justify the importance of optimal placement of distributed generation (DG) for minimizing losses and maximizing saving while maintaining appropriate voltage profile at all the buses.

R. P. Kumudini Devi

Papers

Evolutionary programming based security constrained optimal power flow

Operating cost minimization of a radial distribution system in a deregulated electricity market through reconfiguration using NSGA method

Economic dispatch with prohibited operating zones using fast computation evolutionary programming algorithm

Optimal reconfiguration of radial distribuion system using artificial intelligence methods

Optimal siting and sizing of hybrid Distributed Generation using EP