A review of the development of the synthetic inorganic ion exchangers during the 1970–1976 period has been made. Synthesis, properties, and analytical applications of the hydrated oxides, acidic salts of multivalent metals, heteropolyacid salts, and synthetic zeolite-type materials that are used as ion-exchangers have been included in the survey. Only the more important contributions during the 1970–1976 period are included

Synthetic Inorganic Ion-Exchangers

Paper and Thin-Layer Chromatography.

The adsorption behavior of metal ions in the formic acid-sodium formate system using unimpregnated as well as impregnated silica gel G as thin layers has been studied A remarkable result of this study is the dramatic selectivity of impregnated silica gel G thin layers when compared to the corresponding unimpregnated silica gel G thin layers This impregnation effect provides us with a new adsorbent phase which is sufficiently stable in the formic acid-sodium formate medium Some important ternary separations have been achieved on silica gel G thin layers Al3+, Ni2+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ have been qualitatively separated from mixtures of other ions Cu2+ has been selectively separated on impregnated silica gel G thin layers The semi-quantitative determination of nine metal ions on impregnated silica gel G layers has also been attempted

Thin-Layer Chromatography of Metal Ions in Formic Acid Medium on Impregnated and Unimpregnated Silica Gel G: Semiquantitative Determination of Fe3+, Cd2+, Th4+, Al3+, Zn2+, UO2+ 2, VO2+, Ce4+, and Ni2+

The adsorption behavior of 52 metal ions has been studied in DMSO-HCI systems using stannic arsenate layers. A remarkable feature of this study is a dramatic decrease in adsorption of many ions when compared to the corresponding water-HCI systems. This specific DMSO effect has been explained and used for important binary and ternary separations. In DMSO-5 M HCI (1:1), Zr4 + and Mo6 + have been separated from each other and from a mixture of Th4 +, Ca2 +, Y3 +, Nb5 +, Ta5 +, In3 +, Ti4 +, and the rare earths.

Unusual Selectivities of Stannic Arsenate Layers in DMSO-HCI Systems: Separation of Zirconium from Numerous Metal Ions

Reversed phase thin layer chromatography of metal ions have been performed on s-butylamine and t-butylamine impregnated silica gel thin layers in formic acid and sodium formate systems. Separation potential of impregnated silica gel thin layers was explored. Impregnated silica gel layers were found to be more selective (strongly sorbing) than unimpregnated silica gel chromo-toplates. Several important binary and ternary separations were achieved on impregnated thin layers.

Reverse Phase Thin-Layer Chromato-Graphy of some Metal Ions on Butyl-Amine Impregnated Silica Gel G in Formic Acid Medium

Chromatography of 49 metal ions on stannic antimonate papers in dimethylsulfoxide: nitric acid systems and aqueous nitric acid systems

Thin-layer chromatography of 40 metal ions in 31 aqueous and mixed solvent systems has been performed on stannic antimonate ion-exchange material. Dimethylsulfoxide has been utilized to resolve such binary mixtures as La3+ and Ce3+ from Pr3+, Nd3+, and Sm3+; VO2+ from Ti4+, Nb5+, and Ta5+; Ga3+ from In3+, Tl+, and Y3+; Fe3+ from VO2+; and Mg2+ from Al3+. Quantitative separation of 200 to 800 μg U from its binary mixtures and from the synthetic mixtures containing Mg2+, Bi3+, Fe3+, Th4+, Ce4+, Cr3+, Zr4+, Hf4+, Ti4+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ce3+, In3+, Y3+, Ca2+, Co2+, Tl+, Nb5+, and Ag+ has been obtained.

Thin-Layer Chromatography of 49 Metal Ions on Stannic Antimonate in Aqueous and Mixed Solvent Systems Containing Dimethylsulfoxide: Quantitative Separation of Uranium from Numerous Metal Ions

The analytical potential of thorium(IV) antimonate as an ion exchanger has been explored by the thin-layer chromatographic technique. Binder-free thin layers of thorium antimonate have been prepared, and several important binary and ternary separations have been carried out. It has also been possible to separate microgram quantities of Hg(II) quantitatively from several metal ions in a dioxane solvent system.

Synthetic Inorganic Ion Exchangers. XIII. Thin-Layer Chromatography of Metal Ions on Thorium Antimonate: Quantitative Separation of Hg(II) from Several Metal Ions

R. P. S. Rajput

Papers

Chromatography of 49 metal ions on stannic antimonate papers in dimethylsulfoxide: nitric acid systems and aqueous nitric acid systems

Thin-Layer Chromatography of 49 Metal Ions on Stannic Antimonate in Aqueous and Mixed Solvent Systems Containing Dimethylsulfoxide: Quantitative Separation of Uranium from Numerous Metal Ions

Synthetic Inorganic Ion Exchangers. XIII. Thin-Layer Chromatography of Metal Ions on Thorium Antimonate: Quantitative Separation of Hg(II) from Several Metal Ions