Evolution, challenges and path forward for low temperature combustion engines

The design of engine control systems has been traditionally carried out using a mix of heuristic techniques validated by simulation and prototyping using approximate average-value models. However, the ever increasing demands on passengers' comfort, safety, emissions, and fuel consumption imposed by car manufacturers and regulations call for more robust techniques and the use of cycle-accurate models. We argue that these models must be hybrid because of the combination of time-domain and event-based behaviors. We present a hybrid model of the engine in which both continuous and discrete time-domain as well as event-based phenomena are modeled in a separate but integrated manner. Based on this model, we formalize the specification of the overall engine control by defining a number of hybrid control problems. To cope with the difficulties arising in the design of hybrid controllers, a design methodology is proposed. This methodology consists of a relaxation of the hybrid problem by simplifying some of its components to obtain a solvable problem,and then deriving a solution to the original control problem by appropriately modifying the control law so obtained to take into consideration the original specifications and models. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated on three challenging problems: fast force-transient control, cutoff control, and idle speed control.

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Automotive engine control and hybrid systems: challenges and opportunities

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/4164984/file/4164998.pdf

Combustion and emissions characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated on alternative gaseous fuels

Experimental investigation on the effect of intake air temperature and air–fuel ratio on cycle-to-cycle variations of HCCI combustion and performance parameters

https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/38711/2/Fuel_Combustion_v47_Deposit.pdf

Characterisation of flame development with ethanol, butanol, iso-octane, gasoline and methane in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine

This paper investigates a number of new approaches to mass fraction burned analysis for application to spark ignition engine combustion processes. The rationale for these new approaches is to retain the simplicity and computational efficiency of the technique of Rassweiler and Withrow, but to overcome some of the limitations inherent in the standard methods. The approaches investigated include the use of a two-zone model to determine information about the burned and unburned gas temperatures and the modification of the standard Rassweiler and Withrow expression to incorporate polytropic indices for compression and expansion.The investigation makes use of an engine simulation model, which was used to generate the pressure data. This technique provided a ‘known’ burn rate against which to evaluate the methods investigated. Some experimental data taken from a Rover K4 optical access engine is also presented.The successful aspects of this investigation are the use of the Rassweiler and Withrow equatio...

Combustion analysis and cycle-by-cycle variations in spark ignition engine combustion Part 1: An evaluation of combustion analysis routines by reference to model data

This paper investigates a technique of calculating the completeness of combustion on a cycle- by-cycle basis. The technique introduces the normalized pressure rise due to the combustion par...

Combustion analysis and cycle-by-cycle variations in spark ignition engine combustion. Part 2 : a new parameter for completeness of combustion and its use in modelling cycle-by-cycle variations in combustion

R. R. Raine

Papers

Combustion analysis and cycle-by-cycle variations in spark ignition engine combustion Part 1: An evaluation of combustion analysis routines by reference to model data

Combustion analysis and cycle-by-cycle variations in spark ignition engine combustion. Part 2 : a new parameter for completeness of combustion and its use in modelling cycle-by-cycle variations in combustion