Stimulation of growth and induction of variability in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.)

Productivity and quality of mangosteen fruit is markedly affected by tree age and sector (position in canopy). The objective of this study was to make clear seasonal changes in meteorological conditions of mangosteen orchard, and C-N ratio of leaves in relation to tree age and sector. The experiment was conducted using mangosteen trees grown in commercial orchard in Bogor, Indonesia during May to October 2010. Mangosteen trees of 3 different ages, young (20-year-old), middle (35-year-old), and old
(50-year-old), each of five trees, were selected for study, and the canopy of each tree was divided into 9 sectors based on height (bottom, middle, top) and width (inner, center, outer). The light intensity on sunny days was higher in Sector 9, it was 8.1, 7.5, and 7.7 μmol・M(−2)・s(−1) in young, middle-aged and old trees, respectively, whereas in Sector 1 it was low, resulting 0.5, 0.4, and 0.5 μmol・M(−2)・s(−1) in young, middle-aged and old trees, respectively. Regardless of tree age, light intensity in outer position in canopy was higher than in the inner, and also it was higher in taller than in lower positions in canopy. In 2010, the phenological aspects of mangosteen orchard markedly changed because of irregular rainfall. In spite of tree age, SPAD value of leaves in upper parts such as Sectors 5-9 was high comparing with lower ones such as Sectors 1-4. In young trees, carbohydrate content of leaves was higher in top positions such as Sectors 7-9 than in bottom ones such as Sectors 1-3, whereas in middle-aged and old trees, no significant difference of carbohydrate content was observed among sectors. Regardless of month and tree age measured, nitrogen content of leaves was higher in lower positions in canopy such as Sectors 1-4 than in upper ones such as Sectors 5-9. Consequently, the C-N ratio of leaves was higher in the upper part of canopy compared to the lower. Based on the results, the relationships between meteorological status and C-N ratio of leaves and fruit productivity and quality of mangosteen are discussed in
relation to position in canopy and tree age.

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Meteorological Conditions of Mangosteen Orchard in West Java, Indonesia and Seasonal Changes in C-N Ratio of Their Leaves as Affected by Sector (Position in Canopy) and Tree Age

The efficacy of crude extracts of Senna alata in the improvement of vegetative and reproductive growth in Celosia aregentea was investigated. Fresh leaves of S. alata were blended with a homogenizer in 1 litre of distilled water. The resultant green paste was filtered under suction. Different concentrations (75%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 12%, 10%, and 5%) were prepared from the 100% crude extract. Seeds of C. argentea were presoaked in these different concentrations including a control (0%) and planted out after 24 hours. Results obtained showed that seedling height, leaf area, dry weight and leaf area ratio were promoted and enhanced by presoaking seeds in the extract. At the end of the experimental period (six weeks), seedling height in 75% and 100% treatments were 109 ± 16.12 cm and 117 ± 19.32 cm, leaf area 128 ± 17.91 cm2 and 125 ± 18.12 cm2, dry weight 7.48 kg and 7.0 kg respectively. Seedlings raised from seeds presoaked in water (control) however, flowered earlier (8 weeks) than the treatments (10 weeks in 75% and 100%). Presoaking seeds of C. argentea in crude extracts of S. alata before planting is recommended for optimum production of the leafy vegetable. The procedure is cheap and easily implementable by resource-poor farmers who are the main growers of C. argentea.

https://file.scirp.org/pdf/AJPS_2014061814231271.pdf

Crude Extracts of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Mimics Plant Growth Hormones in Promotion of Vegetative and Reproductive Growth in Celosia argentea L.

The influence of the aqueous leaf and stem extracts of Adenia lobata (Jacq) on the flowering and fruiting of okra (Abelmischus esculenta) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) was investigated. A. lobata extract prepared in the following dilutions: 1:1, 1:2.5 and 1:5 (v/v) from the original extracts and distilled water, which served as control were used for treatments. All treatments at (P < 0.05) significantly inhibited the flowering and fruiting of the plant species. This observation was consistent in all the plant species used in the research, as there was a significant reduction in the flowering and fruiting of the plants. The concentration of the extracts affected the rate of effects of the extracts on the flowering and fruiting of the plant species. The higher the concentration, the more the inhibitory effects of the extracts. This study reveals the presence of compounds capable of inhibiting the flowering and fruiting of plants in A. lobata.

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The influence of aqueous leaf and stem extracts of Adenia lobata (Jacq) on the flowering and fruiting of okra (Abelmischus esculenta) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea)

The effect of aqueous leaf and stem extracts of Senna alata (L) Roxb. on the flowering and fruiting of okra (Abelmoschis esculentus) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) was investigated. S. alata extracts prepared in the following dilutions 1.1, 1:2.5 and 1:5 (v/v) from the original extracts and distilled water which served as control were used for treatment. There was significant reduction (P< 0.05) in the number of flowers, number of fruits, length of fruits and weight of fruits of the plant species as a result of treatment with aqueous extracts of S. alata. The concentration of the extracts affected the rate of the effects of the extracts on the flowering and fruiting of the plants species. The higher the concentration, the more the inhibitory effects of the extracts. This observation indicates the presence of compounds in S. alata that are capable of inhibiting the flowering and fruiting of plants.

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The effect of aqueousleaf and stem extracts of Senna alata (L) Roxb. on the flowering and fruiting of okra (Abelmoschisesculentus and groundnut (Arachis hypogea)

Effect of paclobutrazol application combined with potassium nitrate and bicomine spray on flowering and fruiting of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.)

R. Semiah

Papers

Effect of paclobutrazol application combined with potassium nitrate and bicomine spray on flowering and fruiting of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.)