Scholars in various disciplines have considered the causes, nature, and effects of trust. Prior approaches to studying trust are considered, including characteristics of the trustor, the trustee, and the role of risk. A definition of trust and a model of its antecedents and outcomes are presented, which integrate research from multiple disciplines and differentiate trust from similar constructs. Several research propositions based on the model are presented.

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An Integrative Model Of Organizational Trust

According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

This study provided a comprehensive examination of the full range of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership. Results (based on 626 correlations from 87 sources) revealed an overall validity of .44 for transformational leadership, and this validity generalized over longitudinal and multisource designs. Contingent reward (.39) and laissez-faire (-.37) leadership had the next highest overall relations; management by exception (active and passive) was inconsistently related to the criteria. Surprisingly, there were several criteria for which contingent reward leadership had stronger relations than did transformational leadership. Furthermore, transformational leadership was strongly correlated with contingent reward (.80) and laissez-faire (-.65) leadership. Transformational and contingent reward leadership generally predicted criteria controlling for the other leadership dimensions, although transformational leadership failed to predict leader job performance.

http://m.timothy-judge.com/TA-TF%20Paper--JAP%20published.pdf

Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity.

Building on previous work suggesting that trust is critical in facilitating exchange relationships, the authors describe a comprehensive theory of trust in market research relationships. This theor...

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Factors affecting trust in market research relationships.

Automation is often problematic because people fail to rely upon it appropriately. Because people respond to technology socially, trust influences reliance on automation. In particular, trust guides reliance when complexity and unanticipated situations make a complete understanding of the automation impractical. This review considers trust from the organizational, sociological, interpersonal, psychological, and neurological perspectives. It considers how the context, automation characteristics, and cognitive processes affect the appropriateness of trust. The context in which the automation is used influences automation performance and provides a goal-oriented perspective to assess automation characteristics along a dimension of attributional abstraction. These characteristics can influence trust through analytic, analogical, and affective processes. The challenges of extrapolating the concept of trust in people to trust in automation are discussed. A conceptual model integrates research regarding trust in automation and describes the dynamics of trust, the role of context, and the influence of display characteristics. Actual or potential applications of this research include improved designs of systems that require people to manage imperfect automation.

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Trust in Automation: Designing for Appropriate Reliance

The relative importances of five determinants of dyadic trust (integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty, and openness) were investigated from two perspectives: trust in superiors and trust in subordinates. Two experiments were designed from research on behavioral decision theory. The participants, 78 undergraduate management students, responded to cues that described hypothetical superiors (Exp. 1) and subordinates (Exp. 2). Responses indicated the amount of trust held in each of 32 superiors and 32 subordinates. Integrity, competence, and consistency were stronger than loyalty or openness as determinants of trust in one's superiors and in one's subordinates. There were no differences in the importance of any of the determinants of trust in one's subordinates versus one's superiors. Method considerations are discussed.

A Behavioral Decision Theory Approach to Modeling Dyadic Trust in Superiors and Subordinates

A survey of quality managers in the U.S. was conducted to measure the leadership characteristics of organizations and their quality improvement practices. The relationship of infrastructure and core quality management practices to the levels of transfor..

The Effects of Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Quality Improvement

Transformational leadership behaviors, upward trust, and satisfaction in self-managed work teams.

Purpose – This study aims to examine the effects of leadership behaviors on quality management (QM) practices and their effects on quality performance of manufacturing companies in Thailand. The hypotheses were that leadership leads to infrastructure practices, which in turn support quality practices. These quality practices improve quality performance. This was tested using a structural equation model. In general, the model was supported although all of the individual practices examined here were not statistically significant.Design/methodology/approach – A survey of quality managers of firms located within Thailand was conducted and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine how leadership affected quality practices which in turn affected quality performance. The interactions of leadership with infrastructure and core variables were tested and found to be insignificant.Findings – The SEM established that leadership behaviors supported one infrastructure practice – human resource mana...

Leadership and quality management practices in Thailand

This study explored the relation between trust and specific factors of communication in a workplace environment for a sample of 82 men and 31 women (M age = 37.1 yr.). Strong relations were found, ...

R. Stephen Cantrell

Papers

A Behavioral Decision Theory Approach to Modeling Dyadic Trust in Superiors and Subordinates

The Effects of Transformational and Transactional Leadership on Quality Improvement

Transformational leadership behaviors, upward trust, and satisfaction in self-managed work teams.

Leadership and quality management practices in Thailand

Communication Factors and Trust: An Exploratory Study: