IT may occasion some surprise to those men of science who are ill-acquainted with India, and who so frequently express the view that Governments are unappreciative of the importance of science to learn that as far back as 1886 the Government of India arranged for Dr. George (later Sir George) Watt, professor of botany in the Presidency College, Calcutta, to prepare a "Dictionary of the Economic Products of India". The six volumes of this standard work were published during the years 1889-99. In 1908 Sir George Watt published a condensed version, "The Commercial Products of India". Whatever the defects of these 'dictionaries', they have been of inestimable value to all interested in Indian natural products. The Wealth of India A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products. Raw Materials, Vol. 1. Pp. xxvii+254+39 plates. 15 rupees ; 24s. Industrial Products, Part 1. Pp. xii+182+8 plates. 8 rupees ; 12s. (New Delhi : Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1948.)

The Wealth of India

The wealth of India. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Vol. 7; N-Pe.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen and a historically emergent zoonotic pathogen with public health and veterinary importance. In humans, MRSA commonly causes severe infectious diseases, including food poisoning, pyogenic endocarditis, suppurative pneumonia, otitis media, osteomyelitis, and pyogenic infections of the skin, soft tissues. In the horse, MRSA could cause a localized purulent infection and botryomycosis; in cattle and ewe, localized pyogenic infection and severe acute mastitis with marked toxemia; in sheep, abscess disease resembles caseous lymphadenitis caused by anaerobic strains; in dogs and cats, pustular dermatitis and food poisoning; in pig, exudative epidermatitis "greasy pig disease; in birds, MRSA causes bumble-foot. The methicillin resistance could be determined by PCR-based detection of the mecA gene as well as resistance to cefoxitin. In Egypt, MRSA is one of the important occasions of subclinical and clinical bovine mastitis, and the prevalence of MRSA varies by geographical region. In this review, we are trying to illustrate variable data about the host susceptibility, diseases, epidemiology, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, treatment, and control of MRSA infection.

/pdf/methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-mrsa-one-health-44siif22q5.pdf

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): One Health Perspective Approach to the Bacterium Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, Antibiotic-Resistance, and Zoonotic Impact

An ethnobotanical study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the village peoples of Thoppampatti, Dindigul district, Tamilnadu, India.

Ethnomedicinal plants used to treat skin diseases by Tharu community of district Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical properties of Lantana indica Roxb. The aqueous and organic solvent (ethyl acetate and methanol) extracts from the leaves of Lantana indica (Verbenaceae) were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Steptococcus pyrogens, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans by agar well diffusion method. The results showed promising antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. Among these, methanol and aqueous extracts were found to possess a more potent inhibitory effect when compared to the ethyl acetate extract. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of antimicrobial compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, tannins and flavonoidal glycosides. The result of this study validates the use of methanol and aqueous extract of this species in ethnomedicine, favouring the isolation of antibacterial agents from the leaf extract of Lantana indica.

/pdf/preliminary-phytochemical-screening-and-antimicrobial-36yb5n8in5.pdf

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies of Lantana indica Roxb.

Aim: The study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical pathogens isolated from Bovine Mastitis in and around Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, South India. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 milk samples were screened and 152 isolates of Staphylococci were obtained and their susceptibility to several antimicrobial agents by agar disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 152 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus resistance was detected in 63 (41.44%), 39 (25.65%), 21(13.81%), 18 (11.84%), 6 (3.94%) and 5 (3.28%) isolates for penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin and Cephalothin, respectively. No resistance was detected for Gentamicin. Conclusion: Results indicated that these isolates exhibited the highest degree of resistance to penicillin of all antimicrobial agents tested. Key words : Antimicrobial agents, Bovine Mastitis, Disc diffusion, Mastitis pathogens Introduction mastitis pathogens are frequently used by bovine practitioners to guide cow or herd level treatment decisions. However, for certain antimicrobial agents, previous studies failed to demonstrate statistically significant associations between the results of It is incriminated susceptibility testing and the treatment outcomes for as an important disease constraint in dairy cow and is clinical and/or subclinical mastitis . Increased responsible for reduction in quality and quantity of resistance of staphylococcal isolates recovered from milk and milk products mainly due to microorganisms mastitic domestic ruminants to different antimicrobial . Over 135 different

/pdf/antimicrobial-drug-susceptibility-of-staphylococcus-aureus-bfkj4l845q.pdf

Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from subclinical bovine mastitis in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, South India.

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the Malasar tribals in various tribal villages of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India during April 2003 to November 2006. A total of 75 species of ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 71 genera and 40 families were reported with the help of standardized questionnaires among 15 tribal informants between the ages of 48 to 74. The study shows a high degree of ethnobotanical novelty and the use of plants among the Malasars reflects the revival of interest in traditional folk medicine.

Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal plants used by Malasar tribals in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu (South India)

Plan : Bioactive compounds of leaves of Acacia nilotica Linn. (Malvaceae) have been studied for their antimicrobial activities using disc diffusion assay. Methodology : Four Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli MTCC 2961, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 4676, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 432 and Salmonella typhi MTCC 733), two Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) were selected for the study. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the active compounds was evaluated by micro broth dilution method. Outcome : All the active compounds exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Alkaloids and Flavonoides were found to be more potent. S. aureus was found to be most susceptible organism followed by E. coli and S.typhi. Our findings confirm that the traditional therapeutic claims for this plant, in near future surely be able to replace the conventional antimicrobial agents to which there is increased incidence of drug interactions and the study suggests that this plant is promising for development of phytomedicines with antibacterial properties.

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of various solvent extracts of Acacia nilotica linn . Leaves

Bovine mastitis continues to be the most costly disease to the dairy farmers. It dominates in Tamilnadu as one of the most prevalent diseases in dairy cattle among the dairy farms. Mastitis treatment with antibiotics leads to the development of antibiotic resistant strains and consumer health problem. The present study is an in vitro antibacterial activity of three medicinal plants against bovine udder isolated bacterial pathogens. Aqueous and methanol extracts of three plants were investigated by agar disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts of Asteracantha longifolia and Dactyloctenium indicum showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus (25mm) and E.coli (22mm) respectively.

R. Venkataswamy

Papers

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies of Lantana indica Roxb.

Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from subclinical bovine mastitis in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, South India.

Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal plants used by Malasar tribals in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu (South India)

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of various solvent extracts of Acacia nilotica linn . Leaves

In-Vitro Antimicrobial Effects of Some Selected Plants against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens