Corrosion is a subject of interest to interdisciplinary research communities, combining fields of materials science, chemistry, physics, metallurgy and chemical engineering. In order to understand mechanisms of corrosion and the function of corrosion inhibitors, the reactions at the interfaces between the corrosive electrolyte and a steel surface, particularly at the initial stages of the corrosion process, need to be described. Naturally, these reactions are strongly affected by the nature and properties of the steel surfaces. It is however seen that the majority of recent corrosion and corrosion-inhibition investigations are limited to electrochemical testing, with ex situ analysis of the treated steels (post-exposure analysis). The characterization of materials and their surface properties, such as texture and morphology, are not being considered in most studies. Similarly, in situ investigations of the initial stages of the corrosion reactions using advanced surface characterization techniques are scarce. In this review, attention is brought to the importance of surface features of carbon steels, such as texture and surface energy, along with defects dislocation related to mechanical processing of carbon steels. This work is extended to a critical review of surface analytical techniques used for characterization of carbon steels in corrosive media with particular focus on examining steel surfaces treated with corrosion inhibitors. Further, emerging surface analysis techniques and their applicability to analyse carbon steels in corrosive media are discussed. The importance of surface properties is commonly addressed by surface scientists as well as researchers in other chemistry fields such as nanotechnology, fuel cells, and catalysis. This article is expected to appeal to a broad scientific community, including but not limited to corrosion scientists, material chemists, analytical chemists, metal physicists, corrosion and materials engineers.

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Carbon steel corrosion: a review of key surface properties and characterization methods

Interaction of 12-aminododecanoic acid with a carbon steel surface: Towards the development of ‘green’ corrosion inhibitors

Abstract Over the decades, corrosion has resulted in loss of lives accorded with damage costs in almost all engineering fields. Thus, it is seen as an environmental threat with catastrophic attributes, which calls for day-to-day research on its final resolution. Recent studies have proven organic green corrosion inhibitors (OGCIs) from plant extracts with biodegradable, environmentally accommodative, relatively cheap, and nonharmful features as the most perfect approach of tackling the problem. This review gives succinct discussion on the mechanisms, classifications, and active functional groups of OGCIs. Measuring ways and factors influencing their efficiency are presented. Also, various plant extracts used as OGCIs in preventing material corrosion in corrosive media coupled with their respective findings, applied characterization techniques, and future challenges are presented. The significance of values obtained from simulating presented mathematical models governing OGCI kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption thermodynamics is also included. In conclusion, recommendations that will broaden the usage of OGCIs from plant extracts for inhibiting corrosion of materials are presented for prospective researchers in the field of corrosion.

Organic green corrosion inhibitors (OGCIs): a critical review

Pipeline failures in corrosive environments – A conceptual analysis of trends and effects

Film former corrosion inhibitors for oil and gas pipelines - A technical review

Under certain conditions, hydrocarbons may alter the internal corrosion conditions of oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, the effects of hydrocarbons on corrosion have been predicted based on the type of emulsion (i.e., water-in-oil or oil-in-water), wettability (oil-wet, water-wet, or mixed-wet), and corrosiveness of brine in the presence of hydrocarbons. Laboratory methodologies have been developed to determine wettability and to identify the type of emulsion under pipeline operating conditions. Using these methodologies, the wettability and the type of emulsion have been determined for 14 hydrocarbons obtained from operating pipelines. The corrosiveness of brine in the presence of hydrocarbons also has been determined using rotating cage experiments.

R. W. Revie

Papers

Effect of Hydrocarbons on the Internal Corrosion of Oil and Gas Pipelines

Intelligent Pipeline Monitoring System