Phenol is a major pollutant in the wastewater because of its presence in the effluent of major processing and refining plants. It has severe effect on human being, both short term and long term. Various methods are used for removal of the phenol from wastewater such as adsorption, photodecomposition, volatilization and other various biological and non-biological methods. In the present study attempt is done to present the survey of the research on the phenol removal by various methods. The methods such as Polymerization, electrocoagulation, extraction, photodecomposition, advanced oxidation and ion exchange were used effectively by various investigators. These methods are reported to be efficient for the phenol removal. Suitable method for phenol removal can be selected based on availability of the material, extent of separation required and properties of phenolic effluent.

http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0413/ijsrp-p16116.pdf

Review on Research for Removal of Phenol from Wastewater

Phenol constitutes one of the main pollutants in wastewater. In the present study, adsorption with the use of a cheap alternative bio-filtration medium (activated ceramic, AC) was carried out to remove organic (phenol) and inorganic metals, such as zinc (Zn+2), copper (Cu+2), and lead (Pb+2). Activated ceramic was modified by ozonation with a mixture of crushed coal, Kaolin, and Bentonite, which were thermally treated in a vacuum furnace at temperatures ranging between 300 °C and 600 °C. The volume ratio of crushed coal to Kaolin to Bentonite was 4:6:1. This mixture was mixed with water by the volume ratio of 1:1. The mixture had been exposed to ozone before being used for activation. The pH measurements, chemical analysis, and FT-IR spectra were performed, and textural characterization was obtained. The influence of different parameters including different doses and contact times were investigated. For contact times of between 20 and 120 min, the removal efficiencies of phenol were 23% to 61%, and 56% to 79% with AC amounts of 5 g and 40 g, respectively. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations were used to explore the adsorption kinetics. The equilibrium data was found to best fit with both models. The use of AC for the removal of phenol showed a high removal efficiency of 85%, whereas the AC removes 67%, 59%, and 41% of Pb+2, Cu+2, and Zn+2, respectively.

Removal of phenol and inorganic metals from wastewater using activated ceramic

The industrial wastewater treatment is gaining more and more importance with the rapidly increasing need for expansion of existing plants and erection of new plants to cater the needs of chemical, pharmaceutical and petrochemical products and intermediates. The treatment of the wastewater is key to the sustainable and acceptable industrial growth. Petroleum industries and refineries are important from economic growth point of view. The wastewater from these industries mainly contains oil, organic matter and other compounds. The treatment of this wastewater can be carried out by physical, biological and chemical treatment methods. The current review summarizes studies and investigations carried out for the treatment of petroleum industries and refineries.

A Review on Wastewater Treatment for Petroleum Industries and Refineries

Development of sustainable technology for removal of phenol from wastewater is very important area of investigation. In current investigation, groundnut shell is used as an adsorbent for removal of phenol from wastewater. The removal of phenol from synthetic effluent is studied with parameters like initial concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were also studied .The phenol uptake process followed the Langmuir isotherm more closely than the Freundlich isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption. The optimum values for contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and particle size were observed to be 120 minutes, 3 grams per 100 ml, 6 and -72 mesh respectively. The percentage removal upto 92-98 percent was obtained during the investigation. The phenol uptake kinetics was described more precisely by second order model.

Batch and column studies for phenol removal from wastewater using low cost adsorbent.

Wastewater treatment is major research area in the modern era of industrialization and growing awareness about the sustainable growth. The biological treatment facilities are used in treatment plants for domestic and industrial waste water. Various biological treatments include suspended growth processes like activated sludge process and attached growth techniques like trickling filters. The modeling of these treatment facilities is important. It can be used to relate experimental data for developing the pilot and actual plant. By using the modeling technique, important parameter values can be related for experimental data and can be scaled up. The present review summarizes the modeling for biological treatment facilities.

Modeling of Biological Wastewater Treatment Facilities: A Review

Fluidized beds are widely used to get better contact between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. Refractive pollutant like phenol can be removed from waste water economically by using cost effective technique like adsorption. In the present study a new raw material source tamarind bean that is having good mechanical strength and easily available, has been used for the preparation of adsorbent. Pyrolysis process is used to initially carbonize the material and thereafter material is activated by using activation process.The adsorption process is carried out in fluidized bed column. The effect of various parameters like concentration, fluid flow rate and adsorbent particle size have been studied. It is observed that as the concentration increases the percent saturation of adsorbent increases. Also increase in fluid flow rate gives better adsorption in case of activated carbon. However, it is also observed that percent saturation of adsorption decreases with increases in particle size of adsorbent.In the present study particle size of 0.420 mm is found more beneficial.

R. W. Tapre

Papers

Fluidized bed activated carbon adsorption for removal of phenol from wastewater.