The contribution of solar photovoltaics (PV׳s) in generation of electric power is continually increasing. PV cells are commonly modelled as circuits. Finding appropriate circuit model parameters of PV cells is crucial for performance evaluation, control, efficiency computations and maximum power point tracking of solar PV systems. The problem of finding circuit model parameters of solar PV cells is referred to as “PV cell model parameter estimation problem,” and is highly attracted by researchers. In this paper, the existing research works on PV cell model parameter estimation problem are classified into three categories and the research works of those categories are reviewed. Based on the conducted review, some recommendations for future research are provided.

Parameter estimation of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells: A review

Controller parameters tuning of differential evolution algorithm and its application to load frequency control of multi-source power system

Differential Evolution: A review of more than two decades of research

The present review article represents a comprehensive study on polymer micro/nanocomposites that are used in high-voltage applications. Particular focus is on the structure-property relationship of composite materials used in power engineering, by exploiting fundamental theory as well as numerical/analytical models and the influence of material design on electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. In addition to describing the scientific development of micro/nanocomposites electrical features desired in power engineering, the study is mainly focused on the electrical properties of insulating materials, particularly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and epoxy resins, unfilled and filled with different types of filler. Polymer micro/nanocomposites based on XLPE and epoxy resins are usually used as insulating systems for high-voltage applications, such as: cables, generators, motors, cast resin dry-type transformers, etc. Furthermore, this paper includes ample discussions regarding the advantages and disadvantages resulting in the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties by the addition of micro- and nanofillers into the base polymer. The study goals are to determine the impact of filler size, type and distribution of the particles into the polymer matrix on the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of the polymer micro/nanocomposites compared to the neat polymer and traditionally materials used as insulation systems in high-voltage engineering. Properties such as electrical conductivity, relative permittivity, dielectric losses, partial discharges, erosion resistance, space charge behavior, electric breakdown, tracking and electrical tree resistance, thermal conductivity, tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break of micro- and nanocomposites based on epoxy resin and XLPE are analyzed. Finally, it was concluded that the use of polymer micro/nanocomposites in electrical engineering is very promising and further research work must be accomplished in order to diversify the polymer composites matrices and to improve their properties.

Properties of Polymer Composites Used in High-Voltage Applications.

In this article an attempt has been made to solve load frequency control (LFC) problem in an interconnected power system network equipped with classical PI/PID controller using grey wolf optimization (GWO) technique. Initially, proposed algorithm is used for two-area interconnected non-reheat thermal-thermal power system and then the study is extended to three other realistic power systems, viz. (i) two-area multi-units hydro-thermal, (ii) two-area multi-sources power system having thermal, hydro and gas power plants and (iii) three-unequal-area all thermal power system for better validation of the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. The generation rate constraint (GRC) of the steam turbine is included in the system modeling and dynamic stability of aforesaid systems is investigated in the presence of GRC. The controller gains are optimized by using GWO algorithm employing integral time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) based fitness function. Performance of the proposed GWO algorithm has been compared with comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO), ensemble of mutation and crossover strategies and parameters in differential evolution (EPSDE) and other similar meta-heuristic optimization techniques available in literature for similar test system. Moreover, to demonstrate the robustness of proposed GWO algorithm, sensitivity analysis is performed by varying the operating loading conditions and system parameters in the range of ± 50 % . Simulation results show that GWO has better tuning capability than CLPSO, EPSDE and other similar population-based optimization techniques.

Load frequency control of interconnected power system using grey wolf optimization

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43067-021-00033-y.pdf

Comparative performance analysis of hybrid differential evolution and pattern search technique for frequency control of the electric power system

The variation in load on a power system is unpredictable because it causes drifts in frequency and voltage apart from their nominal values thus resulting in loss of generation due to the tripping of lines and even blackouts So an approach has been undertaken for investigating the load frequency control problem in a power system consisting of two non reheat power plant In this article, a Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm has been proposed for optimizing the gains of Tilted integral derivative controller(TID) After this a Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is used in series with the line so as to damp the system frequency and tie-line power oscillations by controlling the reactance of the TCSC The corresponding performance index is calculated in terms of Integral Time multiply Absolute Error (ITAE) and settling time(T s ) Finally, a comparison is made between the performances of AGC (TID)-TCSC and AGC (TID) combination

Application of TID controller in AGC with Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor

De optimized TIDF controller for lfc of interconnected power system

This paper investigates the sensitivity analysis of load-frequency control for multi area power system based Proportional Integral Derivative controller with derivative Filter (PIDF) by Gravitational Search algorithm (GSA). At first, a two area non reheat thermal system without physical constraints is considered. A modified objective function which includes ITAE, damping ratio of dominant eigenvalues, settling times of frequency and peak overshoots with appropriate weight coefficients is proposed. Further, the proposed objective function is extended to a more realistic power system model by considering the physical constraints such as reheat turbine, Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) and Governor Dead Band nonlinearity. Finally the robustness of the system is verified, with operating load condition and time constants of speed governor, turbine, tie-line power are changed from their nominal values in the range of +50% to -50% in steps of 25%. It is observed that the proposed controllers are robust and perform satisfactorily for a wide range of the system parameters and operating load conditions.

Sensitivity Analysis of Load-Frequency Control of Power System Using Gravitational Search Algorithm

A novel search group algorithm (SGA) technique with PID controller is proposed for an application toward multi-area interconnected power system-based automatic generation control (AGC). A reheat thermal power system over three unequal areas is considered. The system includes the nonlinearity parameters such as GRC and GDB. The supremacy of SGA tuned PID controller is projected with a comparative empirical result over recently published firefly algorithm (FA) optimized technique tuned PID controller for the similar multi-area power system which is interconnected. Simulation study confirms that the proposed SGA technique is better as compare to FA technique for the system.

Rabindra Kumar Sahu

Papers

Comparative performance analysis of hybrid differential evolution and pattern search technique for frequency control of the electric power system

Application of TID controller in AGC with Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor

De optimized TIDF controller for lfc of interconnected power system

Sensitivity Analysis of Load-Frequency Control of Power System Using Gravitational Search Algorithm

Application of Search Group Algorithm for Automatic Generation Control of Interconnected Power System