Fundamental knowledge on the morphology, biology, ecology, and economic importance of Eriophyoidea has been exhaustively compiled by Lindquist et al. (Eriophyoid mites—their biology, natural enemies and control; Elsevier, 1996). Since that time, the number of recognized species and the economic importance of the taxon have increased substantially. The aim of this paper is to analyze and briefly review new findings from eriophyoid mites’ literature after Lindquist et al. book, stressing persistent gaps and needs. Much recent attention has been given to sampling and detection, taxonomy and systematics, faunistic surveys, internal morphology, rearing techniques, biological and ecological aspects, biomolecular studies, and virus vectoring. Recommendations are made for integrating research and promoting broader dissemination of data among specialists and non-specialists.

What's "cool" on eriophyoid mites?

“BIOECOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPHAGOUS MITE PESTS OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum Linn.) UNDER POLYHOUSE

BIOECOLOGY AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPHAGOUS MITE PESTS OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum Linn.) UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITION

Investigations were carried out on the biology and life table of two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on five different varieties of pole beans in comparison with French bean in the laboratory and on the assessment of plant biomass and multiplication of T. urticae on pole bean in a polycarbonate house at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore during 2012-13. The developmental time of T. urticae (from egg to adult) was shortest on pole bean variety Classic NZ, on par with that on French bean and thus this variety was found more suitable for T. urticae in view of higher net reproductive rate (24.79 mites), longer oviposition period (7.64 days) and shorter developmental time (6.60±0.43 days). Maximum biomass of (wet and dry) leaf as well as the plant was recorded when pole bean raised in soil with the plant density of 3.7 plants/m 2 (409.44g & 50.63g and 737.31 and 109.13 g/plant, respectively). The peak spider mite number (3,37,102 spider mites/plant) was recorded at 58 days after sowing following pole bean infested @ 30 mites/leaflet at 30 days after sowing. The number of spider mites recorded from French bean was 48,322 mites/plant at 41 days after sowing following infestation @ 30 mites/leaflet at 20 days after sowing, whereas, on pole bean 79,565 mites/plant could be recorded at 44 DAS following infestation @ 30 mites/leaflet on 30 days old plants. Department of Entomology C. CHINNAMADE GOWDA UAS, GKVK, Bangalore-65 (Major advisor) ¤AiÉÆÃ1ÃAiÀÄÄ® ̧ï ÁAV ̧ÉàöÊ£ÉÆÃ ̧À ̧ï s̈ÀPÀëPÀ £ÀÄ1AiÀÄ ̧Áé ̈sÁ«PÀ DoÁgÀaÁzÀ eÉÃqÀ£ÀÄ1 mÉmÁæ£ÉÊPÀ ̧ï CnðPÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÉÆÃ ï©Ã£ïì ̧À ̧ÀåUÀ1⁄4À aÉÄÃ É aÀÈ¢Þ¥Àr ̧ÀÄaÀ CzsÀåAiÀÄ£À r. C£ÀÄgÁzsÀ ̧ÁgÁA±À ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃUÁ®AiÀÄzÀ°è mÉmÁæ£ÉÊPÀ ̧ï CnðPÉ eÉÃqÀ£ÀÄ1AiÀÄ fÃaÀ£À ZÀPÀæ oÁUÀÆ CzÀgÀ ¥ÀÆtð fÃaÀ£À PÀæaÀÄUÀ1⁄4À «aÀgÀUÀ1⁄4À£ÀÄß LzÀÄ ««zsÀ ¥ÉÆÃ(ï©Ã£ïì vÀ1⁄2UÀ1⁄4À aÉÄÃ(É wAUÀ1⁄4À oÀÄgÀÄ1⁄2AiÉÆA¢V£À oÉÆÃ°PÉAiÀÄAvÉ oÁUÀÆ ¥ÉÆÃ(ï©Ã£ïì£À §AiÉÆÃaÀiÁ ̧ï GvÁàzÀ£Á ̧ÁaÀÄxÀåð aÀÄvÀÄÛ eÉÃqÀ£ÀÄ1 mÉmÁæ£ÉÊPÀ ̧ï CnðPÉ AiÀÄ£ÀÄß F ̧À ̧ÀåUÀ1⁄4À aÉÄÃ(É aÀÈ¢Þ¥Àr ̧ÀÄaÀ «zsÁ£ÀUÀ1⁄4À£ÀÄß ̈ÉAUÀ1⁄4ÀÆgÀÄ PÀÈ¶ «±Àé«zÁå¤®AiÀÄzÀ PÀÈ¶ QÃl±Á ̧ÀÛç « ̈sÁUÀzÀ°è CzsÀåAiÀÄ£À PÉÊUÉÆ1⁄4Àî(Á¬ÄvÀÄ. mÉmÁæ£ÉÊPÀ ̧ï CnðPÉ eÉÃqÀ£ÀÄ1AiÀÄÄ aÉÆmÉÖ¬ÄAzÀ ¥ËæqsÁaÀ ̧ÉÜAiÀÄaÀgÉV£À vÀ£Àß ̈É1⁄4ÀaÀtÂUÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÀ¤μÀÖ CaÀ¢üAiÀÄ°è ¥ÉÆÃ(ï©Ã£ïì£À ‘PÁè1Pï J£ï.gÀhÄqï’ vÀ1⁄2AiÀÄ aÉÄÃ(É ̈É1⁄4É1zÁUÀ vÉUÉzÀÄPÉÆArzÀÄÝ, EzÀÄ ̧Àj ̧ÀÄaÀiÁgÀÄ EμÉÖÃ CaÀ¢üAiÀÄ£ÀÄß wAUÀ1⁄4ÀÄ CaÀgÉ vÀ1⁄2AiÀiÁzÀ ̧É(ÉPÀë£ï-9 £À aÉÄÃ(É ̈É1⁄4É1zÁUÀ®Æ vÉUÉzÀÄPÉÆArgÀÄaÀÅzÀÄ CzsÀåAiÀÄ£À¢AzÀ w1⁄2zÀÄ§A¢vÀÄ. ¥ÉÆÃ(ï©Ã£ïì£À F vÀ1⁄2AiÀÄÄ mÉmÁæ£ÉÊPÀ ̧ï CnðPÉ eÉÃqÀ£ÀÄ1AiÀÄ£ÀÄß aÀÈ¢Þ¥Àr ̧ÀÄaÀÅzÀPÉÌ CwÃ ̧ÀÆPÀÛaÁzÀÄzÉAzÀÄ F PÉ1⁄4ÀV£À CA±ÀUÀ1⁄2AzÀ zÀÈqsÀ ¥ÀnÖvÀÄ: UÀjμÀÖ ¤aÀé1⁄4À ̧ÀAvÁ£Á©üaÀÈ¢Þ (24.79 £ÀÄ1UÀ1⁄4ÀÄ), oÉaÑ£À CaÀ¢üAiÀÄaÀgÉUÉ aÉÆmÉÖUÀ1⁄4À¤ßqÀÄaÀÅzÀÄ (7.64 ¢£ÀUÀ1⁄4ÀÄ) aÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀ¤μÀÖ CaÀ¢üAiÀÄ°è vÀ£Àß ̈É1⁄4ÀaÀtÂUÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÀÆtðUÉÆ1⁄2 ̧ÀÄaÀÅzÀÄ (6.60±0.43 ¢£ÀUÀ1⁄4ÀÄ). ¥ÉÆÃ(ï©Ã£ïì£ÀÄß £ÉÃgÀaÁV aÀÄtÂÚ£À°è ¥Àæw ZÀzÀgÀ «ÄÃlgïUÉ 3.70 VqÀUÀ1⁄4ÀAvÉ ̈É1⁄4É1zÁUÀ CwÃ oÉaÑ£À ̧ÀASÉåAiÀÄ J(ÉUÀ1⁄4ÀÄ aÀÄvÀÄÛ UÀjμÀÖ ¥ÀæaÀiÁtzÀ MlÄÖ VqÀUÀ1⁄4À oÀ1 oÁUÀÆ Mt vÀÆPÀ (PÀæaÀÄaÁV 409.44 aÀÄvÀÄÛ 50.63 UÁæA ¥ÀæwÃ VqÀPÉÌ oÁUÀÆ 737.31 aÀÄvÀÄÛ 109.13 UÁæA ¥ÀæwÃ VqÀPÉÌ) PÀAqÀÄ§AvÀÄ. eÉÃqÀ£ÀÄ1UÀ1⁄4À£ÀÄß UÀjμÀÖ ̧ÀASÉåAiÀÄ°è aÀÈ¢Þ ̧À®Ä ̈É1⁄4ÉAiÀÄ AiÀiÁaÀ oÀAvÀzÀ°è oÁUÀÆ JμÀÄÖ eÉÃqÀgÀ£ÀÄ1UÀ1⁄4À£ÀÄß ̧À ̧ÀåUÀ1⁄4À aÉÄÃ(É ¥ÁægÀA©üPÀaÁV ©qÀ ̈ÉÃPÀÄ JA ̈ÉgÀqÀÆ CA±ÀUÀ1⁄4À£ÀÄß UÀt£ÉUÉ vÉUÉzÀÄPÉÆAqÀÄ CzsÀåAiÀÄ£À £ÀqÉ1zÁUÀ 30 ¢£À aÀAiÀÄ1ì£À ¥ÉÆÃ(ï©Ã£ïì ̧À ̧ÀåUÀ1⁄4À aÉÄÃ(É ¥ÀæwÃ VqÀPÉÌ 30 £ÀÄ1UÀ1⁄4ÀAvÉ ¥ÁægÀA©üPÀaÁV ©mÁÖUÀ ©vÀÛ£ÉAiÀiÁzÀ 58 ¢£ÀUÀ1⁄4À°è £ÀÄ1AiÀÄ ̧ÀASÉå UÀjμÀÖ aÀÄlÖaÁVvÀÄÛ (¥Àæw VqÀPÉÌ 3,37,102 £ÀÄ1UÀ1⁄4ÀÄ). mÉmÁæ£ÉÊPÀ ̧ï CnðPÉ eÉÃqÀ£ÀÄ1AiÀÄ£ÀÄß wAUÀ1⁄4À oÀÄgÀÄ1⁄2 aÉÄÃ(É aÀÈ¢Þ¥Àr1zÁUÀ UÀjμÀÖ 48,322 £ÀÄ1UÀ1⁄4ÀÄ ©vÀÛ£ÉAiÀiÁzÀ 41 ¢£ÀUÀ1⁄4À°è ¥Àæw VqÀPÉÌ 30 eÉÃqÀ£ÀÄ1UÀ1⁄4ÀAvÉ 20 ¢£ÀUÀ1⁄4À aÀAiÀÄ1ì£À ̧À ̧ÀåUÀ1⁄4À aÉÄÃ(É ©mÁÖUÀ PÀAqÀÄ§A¢vÀÄ. vÀÄ®£ÁvÀäPÀaÁV ¥ÉÆÃ(ï©Ã£ïì£À°è, ©vÀÛ£ÉAiÀiÁzÀ 44 ¢£ÀUÀ1⁄4À°è ¥Àæw VqÀPÉÌ 79,565 eÉÃqÀ£ÀÄ1UÀ1⁄4ÀÄ ¥Àæw VqÀPÉÌ 30 £ÀÄ1UÀ1⁄4ÀAvÉ 30 ¢£ÀUÀ1⁄4À aÀAiÀÄ1ì£À ̧À ̧ÀåUÀ1⁄4À aÉÄÃ(É ©mÁÖUÀ PÀAqÀÄ§AvÀÄ. r. C£ÀÄgÁzsÀ qÁ|| 1. a£ÀßaÀiÁzÉÃUËqÀ «zÁåyð¤ aÀÄÄRå ̧À®oÉUÁgÀgÀÄ

STUDIES ON MASS PRODUCTION OF TWO SPOTTED SPIDER MITE, Tetranychus urticae Koch, A HOST FOR THE PREDATORY MITE Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans) USING POLE BEANS

“Bionomics, Population Dynamics and Management of Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) on Marigold (Tagetes spp.)” Name of Student Major Advisor Ms. Patel Aditi Dilipbhai Dr. L. V. Ghetiya DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY N. M. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY NAVSARI-396 450, GUJARAT An investigation was carried out on bionomics, population dynamics, and management of mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) on marigold (Tagetes spp.) at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari , Gujarat during 2014-2015. Studies on biology of T. urticae revealed that both the sexes passed through five different stages. The average duration of incubation period was 04.76 ± 1.48 days. Larva, nymphochrysalis, protonymph, deutochrysalis, deutonymph, teleochrysalis and adult was 02.84 ± 0.80, 00.85 ± 0.36, 03.56 ± 1.19, 0.93 ± 0.31, 03.04 ± 0.84, 0.86 ± 0.16 and 09.88 ± 1.45 days, respectively for male , whereas it was 05.36 ± 1.11, 02.84 ± 1.50, 04.52 ± 1.11, 2.94 ± 0.81, 04.04 ± 0.93, 2.42 ± 0.87 and 18.44 ± 1.92 days, respectively for female. The total life period occupied by T. urticae varied from 18.00 to 27.60 days with an average of 21.96 ± 2.26 days in male and 29.50 to 44.50 days w ith an average of 37.59 ± 3.80 days for unmated female and 35.00 to 46.50 days with an A B S T R A C T average of 40.55 ± 3.12 days for mated female . A short resting period was known as quiescent. The newly hatched larva was hexapodous while other nymphal instars were octopodous. Male as to female ratio was 1: 2.43. Males were produced parthenogenitically while female were produced bisexually. Morphology of all the stages, longevity of adults and reproductive potential of T. urticae were also studied. The length of eggs, larva, protonymph, and deutonymph were 0.12 ± 0.01, 0.14 ± 0.01, 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.29 ± 0.03 mm, respectively. The breadth of eggs, larva, protonymph, and deutonymph was 0.12 ± 0.01, 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.14 ± 0.02 mm, respectively. The length and breadth was 0.42 ± 0.03 and 0.18 ± 0.01 for male and 0.47 ± 0.02 and 0.22 ± 0.02 for female, respectively. Studies on population dynamics of T. urticae revealed that incidence of T. urticae was started from the first week of April and increased gradually to reach its peak during fourth week of July (17.8 mites/cm 2 leaf area). The lowest population recorded in 5 t h standard week i .e. fifth week of January (0.4 mite/ cm 2 leaf area). There was a highly significant positive correlation bet ween population of T. urticae with minimum temperature, morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity and wind speed. The decreasing trends of bright sunshine hours had shown increasing trends of mite population in marigold and showed highly significant negative association with T. urticae population. The correlation study between mite population and maximum temperature indicated non significant effect on mite population. The bioefficacy of different acaricides against T. urticae revealed that the results of both the spraying that the abamectin 0.0025 per cent and chlorfenapyr 0.01 per cent gave cent per cent mortality of mites at fourteen days after application and proved most effective for the control of mites on marigold as compared to rest of the acaricides. The treatment of propargite was found least effective amongst the tested acaricides. The descending order of effectiveness of different acaricides was abamectin 0.0025 per cent = chlorfenapyr 0.01 per cent ≥ diafenthiuron 0.055 per cent > fenazaquin 0.01 per cent > fenpyroximate 0.0025 per cent > buprofezin 0.03 per cent > propargite 0.05 per cent at fourteen days after application. The result of relative persistence toxicity revealed that the chlorfenapyr 0.01 per cent gave cent per cent mortali ty ti ll 15 t h days of its application and then reduce. The lowest mortali ty w as observed in buprofezin 0.03 per cent. The order of relative persistent toxicity based on PT value was recorded as chlorfenapyr (0.01 %) > fenazaquin (0.01 %) > fenpyroximate (0.0025 %) > propargite (0.05 %) > abamectin (0.0025 %) > diafenthiuron (0.055 %) > buprofezin (0.03 %). Dr. L. V. GHETIYA Associate professor Department of Agricultural Entomology N. M. Collage of Agriculture Navsari Agricultural University Navsari396 450 (Guajrat) C E R T I F I C A T E This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Bionomics, Population Dynamics and Management of Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) on Marigold (Tagetes spp.)” submitted by Ms. Patel Aditi Dilipbhai in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Science (Agriculture) in Agricultural Entomology of the Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari is a record of bona fide research work carried out by her under my guidance and the thesis has not previously framed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or other similar title. Place : Navsari (L. V. Ghetiya) Date : 2 nd June, 2015 Major Advisor

Rabindra Prasad

Papers

Biological studies on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on okra.

Management of eriophyid mite Aceria cajani, as transmitting agent of sterility mosaic disease of pigeonpea