Toxicological effects and oxidative stress responses in freshwater snail, Lanistes carinatus, following exposure to chlorpyrifos.

Influence of Atrazine and Roundup pesticides on biochemical and molecular aspects of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails

Oxyfluorfen (Goal 24%EC) herbicide is widely used in agriculture for weed control. Biomphalaria alexandrina snails can be used as bioindicator of the chemical pollution in the aquatic environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the molluscicidal activity of this herbicide on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and how it affected its biological system. The present study revealed a molluscicidal effect of oxyfluorfen 24%EC on these snails at LC50 5.9 mg/l. After exposure of snails to the sub-lethal concentrations (LC0, LC10, or LC25) of this herbicide, the survival rates, reproductive rate (R0), and fecundity (Mx) of adult B. alexandrina snails were significantly decreased in comparison with the control group. Also, levels of testosterone and estradiol were decreased significantly. It caused alterations in the antioxidant system, where exposure to sub-lethal concentration of this herbicide caused significant increases in levels of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while it significantly decreased glutathione transferase (GST). Histopathological changes in the digestive gland included severe damage in the digestive cells, where, they lost their tips and some were degenerated, while the secretory cells increased in number. Regarding the hermaphrodite gland, there were losses of the connective tissues, irregular sperms, and the eggs degenerated. These findings concluded that B. alexandrina snails can be used as a bioindicator for pollution with pesticide in the aquatic environment.

Toxicological impact of oxyfluorfen 24% herbicide on the reproductive system, antioxidant enzymes, and endocrine disruption of Biomphalaria alexandrina (Ehrenberg, 1831) snails

Context: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that results in severe organ damage. Snail control is the best measure to control schistosomiasis. Plant-derived molluscicides have gained increasing attention for the control of schistosomiasis because they have low toxicity towards non-target organisms. Tannins are particularly suitable for snail control because they are less toxic than saponins to non-target organisms.Objective: To identify the most toxic components of two plants belonging to the family Myrtaceae, namely Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Melaleuca styphelioides Sm against the different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni and its snail host.Materials and methods: The 80% MeOH leaf extracts of the tested plants and their isolated compounds were screened for their molluscicidal activity (expressed as LC50 and LC90 after 24 h exposure) against the snail Biomphalaria alexandrina. The anti-schistosomal activity of the tested samples was determined at 20 ppm (after 1 or 2 h exposur...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/13880209.2013.865240

Molluscicidal and antischistosomal activities of methanol extracts and isolated compounds from Eucalyptus globulus and Melaleuca styphelioides

Molluscicidal impacts of Anagallis arvensis aqueous extract on biological, hormonal, histological and molecular aspects of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails.

Bioassay of two pesticides on Bulinus truncatus snails with emphasis on some biological and histological parameters

The effects of sublethal concentrations of methanol extract of sesbania sesban plant on survival rate, egg laying of Bulinus truncatus snails, hatchability of their eggs, infection rate with Schistosoma haemato- bium miracidia, cercarial production and certain physiological parameters of treated snails were stu- died. The sublethal concentrations of the tested plant extract (LC0, LC10 and LC25) caused considerable reduction in survival rates; egg production of B. runcates snails; hatchability of eggs as well as in the infectivity of Schistosoma haematobium miracidia to the snail. Also, the tested concentrations reduced the cercarial production per snail and the period of cer-carial shedding. The glucose level in haemolymph of exposed snails was elevated while the glycogen, pro-tein content and the activities of hexokinase (HK), pyruvatekinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed a decrease in soft tissues when compared with the control group. It was concluded that the app lication of sublethal concentration of methanol ex- tracts of Sesania sesban may be helpful in snail con- trol as it interferes with the snails’ biology and phy- siology.

Biological and physiological parameters of Bulinus truncatus snails exposed to methanol extract of the plant Sesbania sesban plant

Biological and biochemical responses of Biomphalaria alexandrina to some extracts of the plants Solanum siniacum and Artemisia judaica L.

The effect of methanol extract of Adenium obesum on reproduction, hatchability of eggs of Bulinus truncatussnails was studied In addition, total protein contents and the activities of the transaminases (AST and ALT) and phosphatases (ACP and AKP) enzymes in hemolymph and tissues of snails treated with tested plant were determined The present results showed that the molluscicidal activity of methanol extract of A obesum plant was increased as the temperature was increase and the pH 7 was most promising results of the plants tested as molluscicides It was found that, the effect of continuous exposure (4 week) to LC25 of the tested plant completely inhibited egg production after 2 weeks while LC10 of the tested plant stopped snails’ egg laying after 3 weeks All tested concentrations induced marked increases in the percentage of abnormal laid eggs compared to controls The exposure of B truncatus snails to such plant extract had led to a significant reduction in egg laying production and hatchability of eggs The activities of the aminotransaminases [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes increased while protein content showed a decrease in hemolymph and the digestive gland-gonad (DGG) complex of the experimental snails than that of control snails It was concluded that the application of sublethal concentration of methanol extracts of A obesum may be helpful in snail control as it interferes with the snails’ biochemistry and physiology

	Key words: Bulinus truncatus snails, Adenium obesum, plant mollucicides, transaminases, phosphatases enzymes

https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1379602312_Bakry et al.pdf

Impact of methanol extract of Adenium obesum plant on some biochemical and biological parameters of Bulinus truncatus snails

The effect of sublethal concentrations of Euphorbia milii latex on the infectivity of the larval stages ofSchistosoma mansoni to Biomphalaria alexandrina and to albino mice as well on these larval stages ofS. mansoni (miracidia and cercariae) were studied. The results showed that B. alexandrina infection with S. mansoni miracidia was greatly reduced by exposure to LC0, LC10, and LC25 of the latex and also the infectivity of the S. mansoni cercariae shed from infected B. alexandrina post exposure to these concentrations to albino mice was suppressed. Exposure to LC0, LC10 and LC25 of latex of E. milii caused a reduction in number of the produced cercariae per snail during the patent period and in the period of cercarial shedding. The mortality rates of miracidia and cercariae were elevated gradually by increasing the exposure period to latex of E. milii. The present results showed that the mean number of worms per mouse in the experimental groups was less than that of control as well. The total number of ova per g tissue; it can be concluded that the application of sublethal concentrations of latex of E. miliimay be helpful in control of schistosomasis.

	 

	Key words: Biomphalaria alexandrina, Schistosoma mansoni miracidia, latex of Euphorbia milii plant.

Ragaa T. Mohamed

Papers

Bioassay of two pesticides on Bulinus truncatus snails with emphasis on some biological and histological parameters

Biological and physiological parameters of Bulinus truncatus snails exposed to methanol extract of the plant Sesbania sesban plant

Biological and biochemical responses of Biomphalaria alexandrina to some extracts of the plants Solanum siniacum and Artemisia judaica L.

Impact of methanol extract of Adenium obesum plant on some biochemical and biological parameters of Bulinus truncatus snails

Impact of Euphorbia milii latex on infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni larval stages to their hosts