Prevention of what

Mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) is an infrastructureless/self-configurable system in which every node carries on as host or router and every node can participate in the transmission of packets. Because of its dynamic behaviour such system is more susceptible against various sorts of security threats, for example, Black hole, Wormhole , Jamming , Sybil, Byzantine attack and so on which may block the transmission of the system. Black hole attack and Jamming attack is one of them which promote itself has shortest or new fresh route to the destination while jamming attack which make activity over the system. This paper introduces the thorough literature study for the Black hole attack and jamming attack of both the attack by various writers.

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Exposure and Avoidance Mechanism of Black Hole and Jamming Attack in Mobile Ad hoc Network

The trustworthiness of mobile nodes is considered as the principal parameter for ensuring significant data dissemination in a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET). However, the selfish behaviour of nodes minimizes the trust by dropping a considerable amount of data packets in the network. The significant dropping of data packets by the selfish node introduces huge data overhead with increased latency and energy consumption, thus increasing the number of retransmissions. In this paper, Selfish Node Detection Scheme based on Bates Distribution Inspired Trust Factor (SNDS-BDITF) is propounded for predominant detection of selfish behaviour by investigating multiple levels of factors that contribute towards effective selfishness detection. The proposed SNDS-BDITF approach is also potent in enhancing the detection rate of selfishness by multi-perspective analysis of each monitored node’s forwarding characteristics considering the benefits of other cooperating mobile nodes. The simulation results of the propounded SNDS-BDITF method are enhanced on an average by 16% and 14% when compared to the existing selfish node segregation mechanisms prevalent in the literature. 

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Selfish Node Detection Scheme based on Bates Distribution Inspired Trust Factor for MANETs

Delay and Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are networks that do not need infrastructure and use their nodes to communicate. However Blackhole attacks (Blackhole) constitute a threat to the functioning of these networks by dropping packets from legitimate users. There are attempts in the literature to solve the blackhole attack on DTNs. However, the implemented forms consume a large amount of network resources because they work by generating copies of the message. This paper presents a Mitigation approach that uses Mojette and multiple paths to fragment, send and retrieve data without high network wear. The approach was developed using the Eclipse IDE in conjunction with The Opportunistic Network Environment Simulator. In this environment two scenarios with different situations were developed in order to perform three simulations, aiming to evaluate the approach that aims to transmit and retrieve the package even if there are discards.  Simulation results show that the approach has a re-assembly rate of at least 75%, even though the lost packet rate is 62.50%.

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Uma Abordagem para Mitigar Ataque Blackhole em Redes Tolerantes a Atrasos e Desconexões utilizando Múltiplos Caminhos

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are attractive and more popular these days. The bundle of messages or data sent in dynamic network is called Delay Tolerant Network (DTN). The reason of popularity of this kind of network is its easy establishment at any place. The mobile nodes independently work as intermediate node as well as sender and receiver. The connection establishment and data sending is possible through routing protocols of MANET. The routing protocols of DTN are not same as traditional wireless routing protocols. One major issue on this network is security. Its extensive use necessitates for making the networks safe, efficient as well as impressive. Much effort are required to improve the various demands of network security inconsistency with the demands on mobile networks and the nature of the mobile devices like low processing and communication in open environment. The perception and structure of Wireless Ad hoc DTN creates them flat to be easily attacked using numerous techniques often used alongside wired networks as well as new methods particularly to DTN. Security issues begins in many different fields counting with physical security, key management, routing and Intrusion Detection and Prevention, many of which are vital to a functional dynamic network. This article is mainly focused on the security issues related to DTN routing protocols. The routing in DTN remains a key issue because without accurately functioning of routing protocols, the network will not work efficiently, it's intended to. Regrettably, routing is also most difficult to protect against attacks of malicious activities due to absence of centralized authority in DTN. Main protection menace involved in routing with dynamic network as well as the recent solutions against different attacks proposed by various researchers in Wireless Ad hoc DTN is presented here‥

Attacker and different security scheme in Delay Tolerant Wireless Ad hoc Network

Delay Tolerance Network (DTN) is a network which is used for sparse networks where network connectivity is not possible between two nodes so for this number of intermediate nodes is used to transfer messages. These intermediate nodes may cause network so security in DTN is a very difficult task. In this paper blackhole attack and its various detection techniques are presented with literature review of different research papers that covers black hole detection and prevention mechanism. A blackhole node behaves maliciously in network and provides wrong data routing information or may drop the messages receives from other nodes. So it is difficult to find black hole attack and prevent network from them. These techniques are used in the prevention of network from

http://ijecs.in/issue/v5-i8/6%20ijecs.pdf

Blackhole Detection and Prevention Strategies in DTN

Abstract Delay tolerant network is a boon in emergency fields like flood and war zones. The data gathered by the sensor nodes is transmitted whenever any aggregator node comes in contact with those stationary sensor nodes. However, few nodes can behave differently and don't transmit the information. These nodes which don't take part in communication to preserve it's battery or are compromised are selfish nodes and have to be identified to avoid communication disruption. This article discusses the selfish node's detection schemes and proposes a novel hybrid scheme. Most of the recent schemes work with on node's reputation or incentives if it takes part in communication. This paper has proposed an incentivized reputation scheme that first clusters the nodes using their social features, calculates the weighted social tie as their social connection strength and updates the weighted social tie by applying reward or penalty. The incentive is offered if residual energy and packet delay has a tradeoff or are penalized. A new modularized deep nonnegative matrix deep autoencoder is developed to calculate the reputation of nodes using social features and named IRU-mDANMF (incentivized reputation update by modularized DANMF). The scheme has been experimented with in several scenarios and is performing significantly better than state-of-the-art schemes.

Selfish Node Detection by Modularized Deep NMF Autoencoder Based Incentivized Reputation Scheme

Delay Tolerant Network is a network which is wireless and which has no infrastructure. It is designed in a way that it can operate effectively even in extreme diverse conditions and can cover large distances, as in the case of space communications when there is not a single direct pathway between source and destination. Messages are delivered based on store, carry and forward Policy. Data is transmitted in DTN through the number of intermediate nodes but some of them are malicious that are called selfish nodes. A selfish node can be described as a node which do not responds to any of the received messages in order to save its energy. There are many terms coined for this such as selfish node attack, byzantine attack, black hole attack and denial of service attack. An analysis of the techniques proposed to detect selfish behavior in DTN in the perspective of simulation tools used has been presented in this paper.

Rakhi Sharma

Papers

Blackhole Detection and Prevention Strategies in DTN

Selfish Node Detection by Modularized Deep NMF Autoencoder Based Incentivized Reputation Scheme

Comparative Analysis of Various Techniques used for Selfish Node Detection in DTN

A novel social deep autoencoder NMF incentive scheme to detect a selfish node in delay tolerant network