Showing papers by "Ralf Schwarzer published in 1986"
TL;DR: The authors investigated the linkages between trait-like predispositions to perceive threat and achievement performance, as mediated by statelike anxiety arousal on a longitudinal basis (Perceived Threat → Anxiety Arousal → Impaired Performance).
Abstract: Recent research suggests that anxiety is not a single, unified reaction to perceived threat, but rather a cluster of interrelated factors whose relationships to performance change as the individual progresses from one test event to another. This study investigated the presumed linkages between traitlike predispositions to perceive threat and achievement performance, as mediated by statelike anxiety arousal on a longitudinal basis (Perceived Threat → Anxiety Arousal → Impaired Performance). College students were administered self-report questionnaire measures during a preenrollment period, after the first two midterms, and following the last two midterms in a general psychology course. Four performance measures and 26 motivational indicators were fitted to a 10-factor latent model using LISREL model-fitting techniques. Path-analytic interpretations of this structural model provided little evidence for the commonly held view that traitlike threat perceptions mediate performance via statelike anxiety reactions. Far more promising, theoretically, are those influences on test performance stemming from the self-attributional, cognitive domain. Overall, the findings support a recent reinterpretation of achievement anxiety as stemming from the disruptive effects of diminished ability perceptions (and hence, impaired personal worth), rather than from the interfering influence of diffused emotional arousalper se.
23 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that black urban high school students have higher self-esteem, greater racial tolerance than students in other ethnic groups, and greater self-confidence than white students in urban areas.
Abstract: Black urban high school students have higher self-esteem, greater racial tolerance than students in other ethnic groups.
18 citations
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: The multitrait-multimethod matrix is a correlation matrix of a set of traits, each of which is measured by the same set of methods, which can be generated when there are at least two traits being measured by at least three different methods.
Abstract: The multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix is a correlation matrix of a set of traits, each of which is measured by the same set of methods. Such a matrix can be generated when there are at least two traits being measured by at least two different methods. Two measures of the same trait should intercorrelate highly in order to indicate “convergent” validity. In addition, the correlation between two methods designed to measure the same trait should be substantially higher than the correlation between two traits when they are measured by the same method. This would be called “discriminant” validity. The idea of analyzing a multitrait-multimethod matrix to determine convergent and discriminant validity was introduced by Campbell and Fiske in 1959. Several generalizations have so far been proposed (Fiske, 1982).
8 citations