The Internet is the latest in a long succession of communication technologies. The goal of this work is to draw lessons from the evolution of all these services. Little attention is paid to technology as such, since that has changed radically many times. Instead, the stress is on the steady growth in volume of communication, the evolution in the type of traffic sent, the qualitative change this growth produces in how people treat communication, and the evolution of pricing. The focus is on the user, and in particular on how quality and price differentiation have been used by service providers to influence consumer behavior, and how consumers have reacted. There are repeating patterns in the histories of communication technologies, including ordinary mail, the telegraph, the telephone, and the Internet. In particular, the typical story for each service is that quality rises, prices decrease, and usage increases to produce increased total revenues. At the same time, prices become simpler. The historical analogies of this paper suggest that the Internet will evolve in a similar way, towards simplicity. The schemes that aim to provide differentiated service levels and sophisticated pricing schemes are unlikely to be widely adopted.

/pdf/the-history-of-communications-and-its-implications-for-the-3cuqy9opa1.pdf

The History of Communications and Its Implications for the Internet

(t,m) [?]. (t, n) [?, ?]. $10.00 [?]. $12.00 [?]. 128 [?]. $139.99 [?]. $15.00 [?]. $16.95 [?]. $16.96 [?]. $18.95 [?]. $24.00 [?]. $24.00/$34 [?]. $24.95 [?, ?]. $26.95 [?]. $29.95 [?]. $30.95 [?]. $39 [?]. $43.39 [?]. $45.00 [?]. $5.95 [?]. $54.00 [?]. $54.95 [?]. $54.99 [?]. $6.50 [?]. $6.95 [?]. $69.00 [?]. $69.95 [?]. $75.00 [?]. $89.95 [?]. th [?]. A [?]. A [?, ?]. χ [?]. H [?]. k [?, ?]. M [?, ?]. M [?]. n [?, ?, ?].

/pdf/a-complete-bibliography-of-publications-in-cryptologia-19afbi1vz2.pdf

A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Cryptologia

TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND SOVEREIGNTY: EFFECTS ON STATES AS INFORMATION TRANSFER INCREASED FROM THE SPEED OF OXCART TO THE SPEED OF LIGHT James H. Radford Old Dominion University, 2005 Director: Dr. Steve A.Yetiv Sovereignty — the absolute and unlimited power of the state — provides independence of action. Information about actions or intentions of competitors, enemies, or even friends, arriving after extended periods of time, resulted in responses to fa it accompli. When information travels nearly instantaneously, states must consider potentially rapid international reactions before the fact. This suggests that since a state’s freedom of action has been abridged, the nature of their sovereignty has altered. This study pursues the research question: In what ways does telecommunications technology affect state sovereignty? The evolution of sovereignty is compared to development o f telecommunications technology over four distinct eras, each characterized by a dominant means of telecommunications. The first era (1648 to 1844), serving a control function, covers the period from Westphalia to introduction of the electromagnetic telegraph. Information moved at the speed humans could carry it and the concept of sovereignty manifested in the guise of an international system of sovereign European states. The second era (1845 to 1917) began with introduction of the telegraph and concluded when the Zimmerman Telegram was plucked from the electromagnetic ether Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. and became an element in the entry of the US into World War I. At the same time, sovereignty extended far beyond its original “closed club” of European states. Radio, telephone, telegraph, and television dominated information transfer during the third era (1917 to 1964). Sovereignty extended throughout the world while information transfer became widespread and nearly instantaneous. The final era (1965 to present) began with the launch of the first telephone relay satellite and telecommunications approached ubiquitous. The international system of states grew to nearly 200 sovereign entities and took on the status of the “norm” throughout the world and “nations” of all types demanded their share of sovereignty. Each era compares the development of information transfer on sovereignty by examining the dominant mass media, telecommunications systems, state territorial control, cultural cross-pollenation, and international finance. The sovereignty and the international system of sovereign states of Westphalia in 1648 differs from the sovereignty o f the early twenty-first century but the sovereign state remains an organizing factor in the international system. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Dedicated to Miriam Elizabeth Bentley Radford February 14,1915 to August 27, 2004 Bachelor of Science, Practical Arts, Business Training Boston University, 1936 “Mom” Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

/pdf/telecommunications-technology-and-sovereignty-effects-on-2x2jgcgiqo.pdf

Telecommunications Technology and Sovereignty: Effects on States as Information Transfer Increased from the Speed of Oxcart to the Speed of Light

Das Controlling stellt eine im Zusammenwirken von Praxis und Wissenschaft entwickelte, ausgeschliffene und inzwischen auch erprobte Konzeption zur Wirkungsintensivierung von Unternehmensfuhrung dar.1 Gleichwohl ist auch, ahnlich wie bereits bei der Bestimmung des Unternehmensfuhrungsbegriffes, bei der Begriffsbestimmung von „Controlling“ keine einheitliche Definition vorzufinden,2 wobei die durch Ubersetzungsschwierigkeiten entstandene Wortvielfalt im deutschsprachigen Raum fur zusatzliche Verwirrung sorgt.3

Controlling als Instrument der mittelständischen Unternehmensführung

Analysis of an encoded eighteenth century dispatch found in the Rare Books and Manuscripts Division of The New York Public Library reveals the author to be Robert Livingston, Jr. and the recipient, John Jay. The lengthy message concerned peace negotiations for ending the American Revolution.

A masked dispatch

Secretary of State William Seward and the State Department struggled with costly encryption problems involving secret diplomatic dispatches to France and Russia transmitted over the Atlantic cable in 1866-67.

Seward's other folly: the fight over america's first encrypted cable

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.

Ralph E. Weber

Papers

A masked dispatch

Seward's other folly: the fight over america's first encrypted cable

James lovell and secret ciphers during the american revolution