Welding Metallurgy of

Experimental assessment of performance, combustion and emissions of a compression ignition engine fuelled with Spirulina platensis biodiesel

A hybrid ANN-Fuzzy approach for optimization of engine operating parameters of a CI engine fueled with diesel-palm biodiesel-ethanol blend

The delay in the energy transition, focused in the replacement of fossil diesel with biodiesel, is mainly caused by the need of reducing the costs associated to the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol. This reaction, on an industrial scale, presents several problems associated with the glycerol generated during the process. The costs to eliminate this glycerol have to be added to the implicit cost of using seed oil as raw material. Recently, several alternative methods to convert vegetable oils into high quality diesel fuels, which avoid the glycerol generation, are being under development, such as Gliperol, DMC-Biod, or Ecodiesel. Besides, there are renewable diesel fuels known as “green diesel”, obtained by several catalytic processes (cracking or pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreating) of vegetable oils and which exhibit a lot of similarities with fossil fuels. Likewise, it has also been addressed as a novel strategy, the use of straight vegetable oils in blends with various plant-based sources such as alcohols, vegetable oils, and several organic compounds that are renewable and biodegradable. These plant-based sources are capable of achieving the effective reduction of the viscosity of the blends, allowing their use in combustion ignition engines. The aim of this review is to evaluate the real possibilities that conventional biodiesel has in order to success as the main biofuel for the energy transition, as well as the use of alternative biofuels that can take part in the energy transition in a successful way.

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/slct.201904107

Recent Progress in the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water Using Metal-Organic Frameworks

A Taguchi-Fuzzy-Based Multi-Objective Optimization of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled With Different Blends of Leucas Zeylanica Methyl Ester and 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate Diesel Additive With Diesel

The energy situation and the concerns about global warming nowadays have ignited research interest in non-conventional and alternative fuel resources to decrease the emission and the continuous dependency on fossil fuels, particularly for various sectors like power generation, transportation, and agriculture. In the present work, the research is focused on evaluating the performance, emission characteristics, and combustion of biodiesel such as palm kernel methyl ester with the addition of diesel additive “triacetin” in it. A timed manifold injection (TMI) system was taken up to examine the influence of durations of several blends induced on the emission and performance characteristics as compared to normal diesel operation. This experimental study shows better performance and releases less emission as compared with mineral diesel and in turn, indicates that high performance and low emission is promising in PKME-triacetin fuel operation. This analysis also attempts to describe the application of the fuzzy logic-based Taguchi analysis to optimize the emission and performance parameters.

Experimental analysis of performance and emission on DI diesel engine fueled with diesel-palm kernel methyl ester-triacetin blends: a Taguchi fuzzy-based optimization

The present study, based on the literature review, reinforcing material, processing route, mechanical and tribological properties of Mg based metal matrix composites containing single and multiple reinforcement. Magnesium composites are new class metal matrix composites widely used in aerospace and automobile industries due to their low density, good mechanical properties, better corrosion and wear resistance, low thermal coefficient of expansion as compared to conventional metals and alloys. The performance of composites depends upon the right combination and composition of reinforcement material with the matrix material. This paper presents few of the available literature review the combination of reinforcement material with magnesium matrix metal. Magnesium metal matrix composites with reinforcement(s) and filler materials are finding increased applications because of improved mechanical and tribological properties. Addition of reinforcing materials such as Al2O3, SiC, B4C, metallic glass, etc., is one of the ways to enhance various mechanical and tribological properties of Mg based MMCs. When graphite is added composites decrease in tensile and hardness was observed whereas with graphite addition specific wear rate decreases. Waste materials may used as reinforcement such as fly ash, rice husk ash, etc. for low cost reinforcement which may results in better mechanical and wear properties.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/377/1/012133/pdf

Study on Fabrication of Magnesium based Metal Matrix Composites and its improvement in Mechanical and Tribological Properties- A Review

This review paper surmised the work on Al/B4C composite, different methods of processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of different size and quantity of B4C with different grade of aluminum alloy. Since B4Cphave high hardness, good chemical resistance, good nuclear properties and low density it is widely used by the researcher among all other reinforcements like TiC, SiC, Al2O3 in MMC. Stir casting method is simple and economical with some disadvantages like porosity, agglomeration and inter-metallic compounds. However these are minimized in powder metallurgy methods of fabrication of MMC.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/377/1/012092/pdf

Fabrication, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Boron Carbide (B4Cp) Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite - A Review

The present investigation studied the effect of boron trioxide (B2O3) addition into flux on the microstructure and mechanical properties of modified 9Cr-1Mo (P91) steel in submerged arc welding (SAW) process. Boron trioxide powder was mixed with commercial flux in different ratios to change the weld metal chemical composition. Optical emission spectroscopy results showed that weight percentage of boron varies from 0.00 to 0.0068 with the addition of boron trioxide into welding flux. Weld metal microstructure without the addition of boron reveals the presence of tempered martensite and ferrite phase, whereas boron-added microstructures highlighted the dominating nature of tempered martensite. Scanning electron microscope analysis also showed that the dispersed carbides especially M23C6 were increased with the addition of boron. Weld metal macrohardness profile reveals that boron has the significant effect on the weld metals. The maximum hardness of 342 HV was found for the 12.5% B2O3, whereas weld of without boron shows the hardness of 240.8 HV. Boron addition has a positive effect on the tensile strength of weld joints except for the 12.5% B2O3. But the toughness of weld zone decreases with the addition of boron.

Ram Naresh Rai

Papers

A Taguchi-Fuzzy-Based Multi-Objective Optimization of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled With Different Blends of Leucas Zeylanica Methyl Ester and 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate Diesel Additive With Diesel

Experimental analysis of performance and emission on DI diesel engine fueled with diesel-palm kernel methyl ester-triacetin blends: a Taguchi fuzzy-based optimization

Study on Fabrication of Magnesium based Metal Matrix Composites and its improvement in Mechanical and Tribological Properties- A Review

Fabrication, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Boron Carbide (B4Cp) Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite - A Review

Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of P91 steel weldment due to addition of boron trioxide into flux during submerged arc welding