I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

国際生活機能分類(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF)にみた福祉・保健・医療の専門職協働における連携に関する貢献と課題

The computational brain: Patricia S. Churchland and Terrence J. Sejnowski (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992); xi, 544 pages, $39.95

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The Senses Considered As Perceptual Systems

/pdf/analysis-of-observed-chaotic-data-3spe9uweeb.pdf

Analysis of observed chaotic data

Purpose. This review gives an overview of the current state of research regarding the effectiveness of mirror therapy in upper extremity function.Method. A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies concerning mirror therapy in upper extremity. The included journal articles were reviewed according to a structured diagram and the methodological quality was assessed.Results. Fifteen studies were identified and reviewed. Five different patient categories were studied: two studies focussed on mirror therapy after an amputation of the upper limb, five studies focussed on mirror therapy after stroke, five studies focussed on mirror therapy with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) patients, one study on mirror therapy with complex regional pain syndrome type 2 (CRPS2) and two studies focussed on mirror therapy after hand surgery other than amputation.Conclusions. Most of the evidence for mirror therapy is from studies with weak methodological quality. The present review showed a tre...

http://rsds.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Ezendam_Bongers_Jannink.pdf

Systematic review of the effectiveness of mirror therapy in upper extremity function

To obtain more insight into how the skill level of an upper-limb myoelectric prosthesis user is composed, the current study aimed to (1) portray prosthetic handling at different levels of description, (2) relate results of the clinical level to kinematic measures, and (3) identify specific parameters in these measures that characterize the skill level of a prosthesis user. Six experienced transradial myoelectric prosthesis users performed a clinical test (Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure [SHAP]) and two grasping tasks. Kinematic measures were end point kinematics, joint angles, grasp force control, and gaze behavior. The results of the clinical and kinematic measures were in broad agreement with each other. Participants who scored higher on the SHAP showed overall better performance on the kinematic measures. They had smaller movement times, had better grip force control, and needed less visual attention on the hand. The results showed that time was a key parameter in prosthesis use and should be one of the main focus aspects of rehabilitation. The insights from this study are useful in rehabilitation practice because they allow therapists to specifically focus on certain parameters that may result in a higher level of skill for the prosthesis user.

/pdf/determining-skill-level-in-myoelectric-prosthesis-use-with-bg5txlp00f.pdf

Determining skill level in myoelectric prosthesis use with multiple outcome measures

The i-LIMB hand is a novel upper limb myoelectric prosthetic hand with several joints in the fingers and thumb. This study aimed to determine whether this new device had more functionality than a more conventional myoelectric prosthetic hand with only a single joint between the thumb and two fingers. Therefore, a 45-year-old man with a wrist disarticulation used the i-LIMB hand and the widely used Dynamic Mode Control hand (DMC plus hand) in a test procedure that covered all functional levels of the International Classification of Function (ICF). Functional outcomes of the i-LIMB seemed to be lower than or equal to the DMC plus hand. The patient's satisfaction tended to be in favor of the i-LIMB. Compared to the DMC plus hand, the i-LIMB was more reliable when holding objects but had a lack of power and was less robust. We concluded that the i-LIMB hand has limited additional functionality compared to the DMC plus hand.

http://www.swisswuff.ch/files/Otr_2010_Prosthet_Orthot_Int.pdf

The i-LIMB hand and the DMC plus hand compared: A case report

https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/6751942/Bouwsema_2010_Arch_Phys_Med_Rehab.pdf

Learning to Control Opening and Closing a Myoelectric Hand

Background: Training increases the functional use of an upper limb prosthesis, but little is known about how people learn to use their prosthesis. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in performance with an upper limb myoelectric prosthesis during practice. The results provide a basis to develop an evidence-based training program. Methods: Thirty-one able-bodied participants took part in an experiment as well as thirty-one age- and gender-matched controls. Participants in the experimental condition, randomly assigned to one of four groups, practiced with a myoelectric simulator for five sessions in a two-weeks period. Group 1 practiced direct grasping, Group 2 practiced indirect grasping, Group 3 practiced fixating, and Group 4 practiced a combination of all three tasks. The Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) was assessed in a pretest, posttest, and two retention tests. Participants in the control condition performed SHAP two times, two weeks apart with no practice in between. Compressible objects were used in the grasping tasks. Changes in end-point kinematics, joint angles, and grip force control, the latter measured by magnitude of object compression, were examined. Results: The experimental groups improved more on SHAP than the control group. Interestingly, the fixation group improved comparable to the other training groups on the SHAP. Improvement in global position of the prosthesis leveled off after three practice sessions, whereas learning to control grip force required more time. The indirect grasping group had the smallest object compression in the beginning and this did not change over time, whereas the direct grasping and the combination group had a decrease in compression over time. Moreover, the indirect grasping group had the smallest grasping time that did not vary over object rigidity, while for the other two groups the grasping time decreased with an increase in object rigidity. Conclusions: A training program should spend more time on learning fine control aspects of the prosthetic hand during rehabilitation. Moreover, training should start with the indirect grasping task that has the best performance, which is probably due to the higher amount of useful information available from the sound hand.

/pdf/changes-in-performance-over-time-while-learning-to-use-a-frsvyjqlwx.pdf

Raoul M. Bongers

Papers

Systematic review of the effectiveness of mirror therapy in upper extremity function

Determining skill level in myoelectric prosthesis use with multiple outcome measures

The i-LIMB hand and the DMC plus hand compared: A case report

Learning to Control Opening and Closing a Myoelectric Hand

Changes in performance over time while learning to use a myoelectric prosthesis