자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon Guba, "Postpositivism and the Naturalist Paradigm," pp. 14-46 in Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985.*

Pedagosko i psiholosko testiranje i procjenjivanje spadaju među najvažnije doprinose znanosti o ponasanju nasem drustvu i pružaju temeljna i znacajna poboljsanja u odnosu na ranije postupke. Iako se ne može ustvrditi da su svi testovi dovoljno usavrseni niti da su sva testiranja razborita i korisna, postoji velika kolicina informacija koje ukazuju na ucinkovitost kvalitetnih instrumenata u onim situacijama u kojima je njihovo koristenje potkrijepljeno validacijskim podacima. Pravilna upotreba testova može dovesti do boljih odluka o pojedincima i programima nego sto bi to bio slucaj bez njihovog koristenja, a također i ukazati na put za siri i pravedniji pristup obrazovanju i zaposljavanju. Međutim, losa upotreba testova može dovesti do zamjetne stete nanesene ispitanicima i drugim sudionicima u procesu donosenja odluka na temelju testovnih podataka. Cilj Standarda je promoviranje kvalitetne i eticne upotrebe testova te uspostavljanje osnovice za ocjenu kvalitete postupaka testiranja. Svrha objavljivanja Standarda je uspostavljanje kriterija za evaluaciju testova, provedbe testiranja i posljedica upotrebe testova. Iako bi evaluacija prikladnosti testa ili njegove primjene trebala ovisiti prvenstveno o strucnim misljenjima, Standardi pružaju okvir koji osigurava obuhvacanje svih relevantnih pitanja. Bilo bi poželjno da svi autori, sponzori, nakladnici i korisnici profesionalnih testova usvoje Standarde te da poticu druge da ih također prihvate.

Standards for educational and psychological testing

Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change

Researcher reflections on early childhood partnerships with immigrant and refugee communities

Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence‐based counseling approach that can help individuals make positive behavioral and cognitive changes for managing obesity. We conducted a scoping review to summarize evidence on fidelity and key elements of MI‐based interventions for managing adolescent obesity and examine the reporting of these interventions. Ten electronic databases and gray literature were searched systematically and included literature from January 1983 to February 2022, and 26 studies were included. Data on MI features, delivery context, training, and fidelity to treatment were summarized. Fidelity was assessed using an assessment grid with five domains—theory, training, implementation, treatment receipt, and treatment enactment. The last step of the review involved stakeholder consultation with clinician‐scientists and researchers with experience in MI and managing adolescent obesity. Thirteen stakeholders were interviewed about our review findings on MI and treatment fidelity. Our analyses revealed that MI‐based interventions for managing adolescent obesity had “low treatment fidelity”; no studies had “high treatment fidelity” across all five domains. Fidelity strategies adhered to the most was theory, and treatment enactment was the lowest. Stakeholders mentioned that “low treatment fidelity” may be due to increased time to complete fidelity assessments and increased cost associated with treatment fidelity. These findings have implications for planning, implementing, and evaluating MI‐based interventions for managing adolescent obesity.

The application and reporting of motivational interviewing in managing adolescent obesity: A scoping review and stakeholder consultation

There is a need for strength-based research that considers the complex realities of teen families. The purpose of the current study is to provide a springboard for this research by describing the characteristics of teen parents and their children involved in a supportive housing program. We used a community-based participatory research approach with a descriptive design. Teen parent participants completed self-report questionnaires about their relationship with their children, resilience, self-esteem, and parenting attitudes. In addition, the children of teen parents completed standardized assessments of their development. A total of 21 parents (18 mothers and 3 fathers) and 20 children participated. Results indicate that self-esteem and resilience are areas of difficulty for participants. In addition, most parents fell into the medium risk range with respect to the parenting attitudes measured. Of note, few parents fell into the high-risk range on most scales, suggesting that most participants have the foundation for successful parenting across the areas measured. Results also show that the majority of participants are demonstrating typical attachment, discipline practices, involvement, parenting confidence, and relational frustration. An area of particular strength for participants is their involvement with their children. It also appears overall that the children of teen parents are developing on a fairly typical trajectory that is reflective of the general population. This study reinforces the heterogeneity of teen families, with teen parents and their children showing different areas of strengths and challenges across the domains measured. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for research, policy, and practice. 
 

Characteristics of Teen Families Accessing a Supportive Housing Program

Background
Patient-oriented research (POR) aligns research with stakeholders' priorities to improve health services and outcomes. Community-based health care settings offer an opportunity to engage stakeholders to determine the most important research topics to them. Our objectives were to identify unanswered questions that stakeholders had regarding any aspect of child and family health and prioritize their 'top 10' questions.


Methods
We followed the James Lind Alliance (JLA) priority setting methodology in partnership with stakeholders from the Northeast Community Health Centre (NECHC; Edmonton, Canada). We partnered with stakeholders (five caregivers, five health care professionals [HCPs]) to create a steering committee. Stakeholders were surveyed in two rounds (n = 125 per survey) to gather and rank-order unanswered questions regarding child and family health. A final priority setting workshop was held to finalize the 'top 10' list.


Results
Our initial survey generated 1,265 submissions from 100 caregivers and 25 HCPs. Out of scope submissions were removed and similar questions were combined to create a master list of questions (n = 389). Only unanswered questions advanced (n = 108) and were rank-ordered through a second survey by 100 caregivers and 25 HCPs. Stakeholders (n = 12) gathered for the final workshop to discuss and finalize the 'top 10' list. Priority questions included a range of topics, including mental health, screen time, COVID-19, and behaviour.


Conclusion
Our stakeholders prioritized diverse questions within our 'top 10' list; questions regarding mental health were the most common. Future patient-oriented research at this site will be guided by priorities that were most important to caregivers and HCPs.

Priority topics for child and family health research in community-based paediatric health care according to caregivers and health care professionals.

BACKGROUND
The objectives of this systematic review were to synthesize qualitative evidence on the impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on physical activity (PA) for children and youth, and explore factors perceived to influence those impacts.


METHODS
Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, and CINAHL) were searched initially in June 2021 and updated in December 2021 to locate qualitative articles considering COVID-19 restrictions and PA for children and youth (≤18 y old), in any setting. Eligibility, quality assessments, and data extraction were completed by 2 independent reviewers. Data were synthesized using meta-aggregation with confidence of findings rated using ConQual.


RESULTS
After screening 3505 records, 15 studies were included. Curriculum-based PA, organized sport, and active transportation were negatively impacted by COVID-19 restrictions. Negative changes were affected by COVID-19 exposure risks, inadequate instruction, poor access, screen time, and poor weather. Unstructured PA was inconsistently impacted; outdoor unstructured PA increased for some. Positive changes were facilitated by family co-participation, availability of outdoor space, and perceived mental health benefits.


CONCLUSION
Qualitative data indicated restrictions had a predominantly negative impact on PA for children and youth, but inconsistent impacts on unstructured PA. The improved contextual understanding offered by our review will be foundational knowledge for health strategies moving forward.

Rebecca Gokiert

Papers

Researcher reflections on early childhood partnerships with immigrant and refugee communities

The application and reporting of motivational interviewing in managing adolescent obesity: A scoping review and stakeholder consultation

Characteristics of Teen Families Accessing a Supportive Housing Program

Priority topics for child and family health research in community-based paediatric health care according to caregivers and health care professionals.

The Impacts of COVID-19 Restrictions on Physical Activity in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence.