Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

According to the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire developers, a global measure of health-related quality of life such as the "SF-36 Total/Global/Overall Score" cannot be generated from the questionnaire. However, studies keep on reporting such measure. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and to describe some characteristics of articles reporting the SF-36 Total/Global/Overall Score in the scientific literature. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method was adapted to a scoping review. We performed searches in PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, BVS, and Cochrane Library databases for articles using such scores. We found 172 articles published between 1997 and 2015; 110 (64.0%) of them were published from 2010 onwards; 30.0% appeared in journals with Impact Factor 3.00 or greater. Overall, 129 (75.0%) out of the 172 studies did not specify the method for calculating the "SF-36 Total Score"; 13 studies did not specify their methods but referred to the SF-36 developers' studies or others; and 30 articles used different strategies for calculating such score, the most frequent being arithmetic averaging of the eight SF-36 domains scores. We concluded that the "SF-36 Total/Global/Overall Score" has been increasingly reported in the scientific literature. Researchers should be aware of this procedure and of its possible impacts upon human health.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2050312116671725

SF-36 total score as a single measure of health-related quality of life: Scoping review:

Background This report presents a systematic review of scientific literature published between 1990–2010 relating to the frequency of human brucellosis, commissioned by WHO. The objectives were to identify high quality disease incidence data to complement existing knowledge of the global disease burden and, ultimately, to contribute towards the calculation of a Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) estimate for brucellosis. Methods/Principal Findings Thirty three databases were searched, identifying 2,385 articles relating to human brucellosis. Based on strict screening criteria, 60 studies were selected for quality assessment, of which only 29 were of sufficient quality for data analysis. Data were only available from 15 countries in the regions of Northern Africa and Middle East, Western Europe, Central and South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Central Asia. Half of the studies presented incidence data, six of which were longitudinal prospective studies, and half presented seroprevalence data which were converted to incidence rates. Brucellosis incidence varied widely between, and within, countries. Although study biases cannot be ruled out, demographic, occupational, and socioeconomic factors likely play a role. Aggregated data at national or regional levels do not capture these complexities of disease dynamics and, consequently, at-risk populations or areas may be overlooked. In many brucellosis-endemic countries, health systems are weak and passively-acquired official data underestimate the true disease burden. Conclusions High quality research is essential for an accurate assessment of disease burden, particularly in Eastern Europe, the Asia-Pacific, Central and South America and Africa where data are lacking. Providing formal epidemiological and statistical training to researchers is essential for improving study quality. An integrated approach to disease surveillance involving both human health and veterinary services would allow a better understanding of disease dynamics at the animal-human interface, as well as a more cost-effective utilisation of resources.

/pdf/global-burden-of-human-brucellosis-a-systematic-review-of-2ly8j7874w.pdf

Global Burden of Human Brucellosis: A Systematic Review of Disease Frequency

Summary
Overweight and obesity have been suggested to be associated with periodontitis as published in studies and narrative summaries. This project presents results of a systematic review investigating the association between overweight or obesity (as defined by the World Health Organization) and periodontitis.

Search strategy included electronic and hand searching to December 2009. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and SIGLE were searched. RCTs, cohort, case–control and cross-sectional study designs that included measures of periodontitis and body composition were eligible. Duplicate, independent screening and data abstraction were performed. Meta-analyses were performed when appropriate.

A total of 526 titles and abstracts were screened, resulting in 61 full text articles and abstracts assessed for eligibility with 33 being included. Nineteen studies provided sufficient information for inclusion in meta-analyses. Meta-analyses indicated statistically significant associations between periodontitis and body mass index (BMI) category obese OR 1.81(1.42, 2.30), overweight OR 1.27(1.06, 1.51) and obese and overweight combined OR 2.13(1.40, 3.26).

In conclusion, these results support an association between BMI overweight and obesity and periodontitis although the magnitude is unclear. Additional prospective studies to further quantify, or understand the mechanisms, of this association are merited. There is insufficient evidence to provide guidelines to clinicians on the clinical management of periodontitis in overweight and obese individuals.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00808.x

Association between overweight/obesity and periodontitis in adults. A systematic review

Present situation of echinococcosis in the Middle East and Arabic North Africa

Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides (OPI) in agriculture and public health programs. The aim of this study was to investigate how an OPI, diazinon, affects lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system in vitro. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, the effects of various concentrations of diazinon on LPO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes were studied. Each diazinon concentration was incubated with a previously prepared erythrocyte samples at +4 degrees C for 0, 60 and 180 min. After incubation, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were determined. In experiment 2, in order to determine the direct effect of diazinon on the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, the erythrocytes were haemolysed and incubated with the various concentrations of diazinon at +4 degrees C for 0, 60 and 180 min. In experiment 1, MDA levels and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased with increasing diazinon concentration and incubation period, but CAT activity remained unchanged. In experiment 2, SOD activity was significantly decreased, and GSH-Px activity was significantly increased. From these results, it can be concluded that in vitro administration of diazinon results in the induction of erythrocyte LPO and changes the activities of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may be involved in the toxic effects of diazinon.

The effects of diazinon on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes in vitro

Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of honeybee propolis, were recently found to be potent free radical scavengers and antioxidants. There are a number of reports on the effects induced by electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in various cellular systems. Mechanisms of adverse effects of EMR indicate that reactive oxygen species may play a role in the biological effects of this radiation. The present study was carried out to compare the protective effects of melatonin and CAPE against 900 MHz EMR emitted mobile phone-induced renal tubular injury. Melatonin was administered whereas CAPE was given for 10 days before the exposure. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, a marker of renal tubular injury) and malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced renal impairment in rats exposed to EMR. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status in renal tissue. Urinary NAG and renal MDA were increased in EMR exposed rats while both melatonin and CAPE caused a significant reduction in the levels of these parameters. Likewise, renal SOD and GSH-Px activities were decreased in EMR exposed animals while melatonin caused a significant increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes but CAPE did not. Melatonin caused a significant decrease in urinary NAG activity and MDA levels which were increased because of EMR exposure. CAPE also reduced elevated MDA levels in EMR exposed renal tissue, but the effect of melatonin was more potent than that of CAPE. Furthermore, treatment of EMR exposed rats with melatonin increased activities of SOD and GSH-Px to higher levels than those of control rats. In conclusion, melatonin and CAPE prevent renal tubular injury by reducing oxidative stress and protect the kidney from oxidative damage induced by 900 MHz mobile phone. Nevertheless, melatonin seems to be a more potent antioxidant compared with CAPE in kidney.

Comparative analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on mobile phone-induced renal impairment in rat.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) leptin levels and the influence of long-term and heavy smoking on GCF leptin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: In this study, 143 individuals were divided into three groups: non-smokers (NS), smokers (S), and control (C). Three subgroups of NS and S were grouped as follows: a) probing depth (PD) ≤3 mm; b) PD = 4 to 5 mm; and c) PD >5 mm. For each patient, PD, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding time index (GBTI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) values were recorded. The GCF leptin levels obtained from sampling sites were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.Results: The GCF leptin levels were found significantly lower in the a and b subgroups in the S group than those in the NS group (P <0.05). The inflammatory markers GI and GBTI showed significant correlations with leptin in NS (P <0.05).Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher leptin GCF level...

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Leptin Levels in Periodontitis Patients With Long-Term and Heavy Smoking

This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and identify the potential risk factors in a rural area of Western Anatolia, Turkey. A simple random-sampling method was used for identifying 1,052 subjects for the study. Blood samples, collected from all the subjects, were studied following the methods of Rose Bengal slide agglutination and standard tube agglutination tests. One thousand and one samples (95.2%) were seronegative, and 51 (4.8%) were seropositive. There was a statistically significant correlation between seropositivity and age, sex, consuming fresh cheese and cream made from unboiled milk (p values 0.005, 0.019, <0.001, and <0.001 respectively). Seropositivity was not related to educational level (0.270). It is concluded that pasteurization of milk and dairy products and education regarding eating habits must be pursued for eradication of human brucellosis from rural areas. The findings of the study suggest that human brucellosis is still an important public-health problem in the western Anatolia region of Turkey, especially in rural areas.

/pdf/seroprevalence-of-human-brucellosis-in-a-rural-area-of-2t4w9amush.pdf

Seroprevalence of human brucellosis in a rural area of Western Anatolia, Turkey.

Aim: Noise is described as disturbing and unwanted sound. In this
study, we aimed to investigate the effect of noise on oxidative stress
parameters in rat. Methods: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used
in the study. Noise group (n=10) was exposed to noise for 20 days / 4
hour 100 dB. Control group (n=10) that was not exposed to any noise and
was kept from any stress source, was hold in the same conditions.
Baseline and after 20th day of the experiment, blood samples of rats
were collected and their sera were separated. Malondialdehyde (MDA),
nitric oxide (NO) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity
were analyzed in rat sera. Results: MDA and NO levels and GSH-Px
activities were found to be increased significantly at the end of
experiment in the group exposed to noise. No parameters were
significantly differed between at baseline and at the end of experiment
in the control group. Conclusion: The present study showing an
elevation in MDA level, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, as well as
NO level and GSH-Px activity by noise exposure suggests the presence of
oxidative stress which may lead to various degrees of damages in the
cells, mainly via lipid peroxidation pathway.in the noise group.
Therefore, these results appear to support the fact that noise might
cause damage not only in the ears but also in whole body leading to
oxidative stress.

/pdf/noise-induces-oxidative-stress-in-rat-3epckwe8io.pdf

Reha Demirel

Papers

The effects of diazinon on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes in vitro

Comparative analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on mobile phone-induced renal impairment in rat.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Leptin Levels in Periodontitis Patients With Long-Term and Heavy Smoking

Seroprevalence of human brucellosis in a rural area of Western Anatolia, Turkey.

Noise Induces Oxidative Stress In Rat